退役锂离子电池正极材料回收有价金属研究进展

Research progress on recovery of valuable metals from cathode materials of lithium-ion batteries

随着锂离子电池在新能源汽车中的广泛应用,电池的报废数量也急剧增多,如何高效回收退役电池中的有价金属是目前研究的热点。文中介绍了从退役电池正极材料中回收有价金属的相关工艺,即火法冶金、湿法冶金、生物冶金和火法焙烧-湿法联合冶金,并分析了目前回收工艺存在的问题。其中,火法焙烧-湿法联合冶金结合了火法冶金及湿法冶金的优点,能实现对特定金属的优先提取,对环境污染小,具有巨大的应用前景。

With the wide application of lithium-ion batterie in new energy vehicles,the number of scrapped batteries is also increasing rapidly.How to efficiently recover valuable metals from lithium-ion batteries is one focus of current related research.In this paper,the processes related to the recovery of valuable metals from lithium-ion batteries cathode materials are introduced in detail,including pyrometallurgy,hydrometallurgy,biometallurgy and combined with pyrometallurgical roasting and hydrometallurgy,and the problems existing in the current recovery process are analyzed.Among them,the combined process of pyrometallurgical roasting and hydrometallurgy blends the advantages of pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy,which can achieve the priority extraction of specific metals,has no pollution to the environment,and has a great application prospects.