车载燃料电池散热部件排布方式热管理研究

Research on thermal management of heat dissipation component arrangement for on-board PEMFC

针对车载燃料电池在不同环境温度和不同工况下运行的散热需求,研究散热部件排布顺序对其冷却液温度与输出电压的影响。基于Matlab/Simulink建立并验证质子交换膜燃料电池热管理系统的动态模型,在环境温度为0~10℃和30~40℃的温度区间内,车载燃料电池分别在2种工况下运行,分析其散热部件中冷却水箱与散热器不同排布顺序下质子交换膜燃料电池冷却液温度和输出电压的变化规律。研究结果表明:车载燃料电池在不同工况运行过程中,散热部件排布不同将直接影响其冷却液进口温度、冷却液出口温度、冷却液进出口温度差、输出电压;环境温度变化过程中,车辆行驶速度较小且行驶速度变化均匀的工况下,其散热部件排布方式选取T-R排布更为合理,反之,则选取R-T排布更为合理。

Based on the heat dissipation requirement of on-board proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFC)under different operating conditions and at different ambient temperatures,this article mainly studies the influence of the arrangement sequence of heat dissipation components on the coolant temperature and output voltage.A dynamic model of the thermal management system for an on-board PEMFC is established using the Matlab/Simulink simulation platform,and the correctness of the model is verified by the vehicle mounted system test.Then,in the two different ambient temperature ranges of 0-10℃and 30-40℃respectively,the on-board PEMFC operates under different conditions,including slow and sudden changes of the load power.Under the above two operating conditions,the change regulations of the coolant temperature and the output voltage of the on-board PEMFC are analyzed under different arrangement sequences of the cooling tank and the radiator,which helps to select different arrangement modes of the cooling components of the thermal management system under different operating conditions.According to the analysis,following results are obtained.Firstly,during the operation of the on-board PEMFC under different operation conditions,different arrangement orders of the cooling components,such as the cooling water tank and the radiator,will directly affect the changes of the corresponding data,like both the inlet and the outlet temperature of the coolant,the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet coolant,and the output voltage.When the ambient temperature changes,if the load power change is relatively uniform,which means that the vehicle runs at a slow or a uniform change in speed,the arrangement sequence of the heat dissipation components(the cooling water tank in the front and the radiator in the rear)is more reasonable,under which condition it is more likely to improve the performance of the fuel cell and maintain the appropriate temperature of the coolant.Accordingly,if the load power change is sharp,which means that the vehicle works at a relatively fast or a sharp change in speed,the arrangement sequence of the heat dissipation components is opposite to the above to achieve a better performance of the fuel cell and keep the requested temperature of the coolant,which means the radiator in the front and the cooling water tank in the rear.Secondly,with other conditions being the same,when the ambient temperature changes in a certain range,such as 0-10℃or 30-40℃,the temperature of both the inlet and the outlet of the coolant,and their temperature difference are studied.The research finds that the on-board PEMFC at a high ambient temperature between 30℃and 40℃has a higher temperature at the coolant inlet and outlet,and the their temperature difference than that at a lower ambient temperature between 0℃and 10℃.Concretely,at the high ambient temperature range between 30℃and 40℃for the on-board PEMFC,the coolant inlet and outlet temperatures at the cooling loop are higher,the temperature difference between the coolant inlet and outlet is smaller,and the output voltage of the PEMFC thermal management system is higher than those at the low ambient temperature between 0℃and 10℃.Thirdly,under the same working condition,different arrangement orders of the cooling water tank and the radiator of the on-board PEMFC thermal management component do not affect the increasing or decreasing trend and the degree of the coolant inlet and outlet temperatures,the temperature difference between the coolant inlet and outlet,or the output voltage of the on-board PEMFC thermal management system at different temperature intervals.