高硅低杂锌资源冶炼工艺的研究及应用

Research and application of pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes for high silicon and low impurity zinc resources

新疆某新建锌冶炼厂使用的原料锌精矿具有含硅高及其他杂质低的特点,由于高硅矿在锌冶炼火法系统会产生焙烧炉烧结、回转窑结圈,在湿法系统导致浸出后固液难以分离等情况,将严重影响生产系统的正常运行。基于此,分析和研究硅的存在形态、冶金行为及对锌冶炼各系统的影响,考察硅对锌冶炼不同阶段(焙烧、制酸、浸出、回转窑处理)的影响及控制措施。结果表明:通过控制焙烧温度880±20℃,回转窑炉料硅钙比4∶1,浸出酸浸终点pH值0.5~1.5,并利用中浸和酸浸上清液对相应反应后液稀释1倍等措施,可防止回转窑窑尾结圈,保证冶炼系统的正常稳定运行,并将产生良好的经济效益。

The raw material zinc concentrate used in a new zinc smelter in Xinjiang has the characteristics of high silicon content and low other impurities.Because the high silicon ore will produce sintering in the roasting furnace and ring formation in the rotary kiln in the pyrometallurgical system of zinc smelting,the solid and liquid is difficult to separate after leaching in the wet system,and the above situation will seriously affect the normal operation of the production system.Based on this,the existing form,metallurgical behavior and impact on various zinc smelting systems of silicon were analyzed and studied,and the influence of silicon on different stages of zinc smelting(roasting,acid making,leaching,rotary kiln)and control measures is investigated.The results show by controlling the roasting temperature of 880±20℃,the ratio of silicon to calcium of rotary kiln material is 4∶1,the pH value of acid leaching end point is 0.5~1.5,and using the intermediate leaching and acid leaching supernatant to dilute the corresponding reaction solution 1 time,the combined fire and wet process for treating high silicon and low impurity zinc concentrate is established,which can ensure the normal and stable operation of smelting system and will produce good economic benefits.