多价金属离子电池插层阴极材料研究进展

Research status and prospect of intercalation cathode materials for multivalent metal ion batteries

多价金属离子电池由于具有安全性好且成本低等优点,有望成为取代锂离子电池的一种选择,近几年针对这类电池的研究取得了一些成果,但阴极材料的发展仍然面临一些现实的困难。本文主要总结了近年来针对多价金属电池插层阴极的相关研究进展,介绍了阴极材料的插层机理以及诸如氧化物(钒和锰的氧化物及其衍生物)、硫化物、聚阴离子聚合物和碳材料等阴极材料。通过分析总结,得出结论:多价金属离子体系中,存在溶剂化过程和固态扩散缓慢的问题;应用插层阴极材料的研究为未来此类电池的电极材料设计提供了方向;过渡金属(Mn、V)氧化物、硫化物等阴极材料从某种程度上减弱了静电作用力,改善了动力学。并展望了多价金属电池插层阴极的发展方向,为多价金属离子电池的研究提供了新思路。

Multivalent metal ion batteries are expected to become an alternative to lithium ion batteries due to their good safety and low cost.In recent years,some encouraging results have been achieved in the research of such batteries,but the development of cathode materials still faces some practical difficulties.This paper summarized the research progress of intercalated cathodes for multivalent metal batteries in recent years,introduced intercalation mechanism of cathode materials and cathode materials such as oxides(vanadium and manganese oxides and their derivatives),sulfides,polyanionic polymers,and carbon materials.Through analysis and summary,it is concluded that there are problems with slow solvation process and solid⁃state diffusion in multivalent metal ion systems;the research on the application of intercalated cathode materials provides a direction for the design of electrode materials for future such batteries;and transition metal(Mn,V)oxides,sulfides,and other cathode materials to some extent weakens electrostatic forces and improves dynamics.The future development direction of intercalated cathodes for multivalent metal batteries are forwarded.