中国城乡要素错配水平测度及空间分异特征分析

Measurement and Spatial Differentiation of Urban and Rural Factors Mismatch in China

城乡差距是我国最大的结构性难题之一,其根源则在于城乡要素配置的错位。基于城乡要素相对错配系数,测算我国城乡劳动力与资本配置扭曲程度,分析城乡要素错配的空间分布演化特征。结果表明:我国城乡劳动力要素错配大致呈现西部>中部>东部的特征,城乡资本要素错配程度空间分异呈现由东向西逐步递增的态势,且2002—2018年城乡资本要素错配水平呈现出向中东部转移的特征。研究结论可为促进城乡要素双向自由流动以及相关政策的制定提供一定经验。

The gap between urban and rural areas is one of the major structural problems of our country,and the source of urban and rural gap lies in the mismatched allocation of factors in urban and rural areas.Based on the relative mismatch coefficient of urban and rural factors,the distortion degree of urban and rural labor and capital allocation is measured,and the spatial distribution and evolution of urban and rural factors mismatch is analyzed.The results show that the mismatch of urban and rural labor factors is generally more severe in the western region,followed by that in the middle and the eastern region,and the spatial differentiation of the mismatch of urban and rural capital factors is gradually increasing from east to west,and the mismatch of urban and rural capital factors is shifting to the middle and east during 2002-2018.The conclusion of this study provides a reference for promoting the two-way free flow of urban and rural factors and the formulation of relevant policies.