棕榈粕饲粮对藏母羊复胃与瘤胃及其消化酶活性的影响

Effect of palm meal ration on compound stomach and rumen and their digestive enzyme activities in Tibetan ewes

选取120只体重相近[(18.39±1.25)kg]且发育健康的2~3月龄藏母羊,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复5只羊,分别饲喂0(对照组)、15%(试验Ⅰ组)、18%(试验Ⅱ组)和21%(试验Ⅲ组)棕榈粕替代精料补充料中玉米,研究不同比例棕榈粕饲粮对藏母羊复胃形态发育与瘤胃内容物抗氧化能力及其消化酶活性的影响。试验分预饲期7 d,正试期90 d。结果表明:1)对照组的瘤胃角质层厚度与网胃乳头长度、肌层厚度、中央肌层厚度均显著小于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的瘤胃总抗氧化能力显著提高(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组的瘤胃超氧化物歧化酶活性显著大于其他3组(P<0.05),对照组和试验Ⅰ组的瘤胃过氧化氢酶活性显著大于其他两组(P<0.05)。3)对照组的瘤胃α-淀粉酶、纤维素酶活性显著小于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05),且对照组的瘤胃糜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶活性显著小于其他3组(P<0.05)。综上,以15%棕榈粕替代精料中玉米能明显促进高原型藏羊复胃形态发育,并有效提高瘤胃抗氧化能力和消化酶活性。

The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of different proportions of dietary palm meals on the morphological development of the compound stomach,the antioxidant capacity of rumen contents,and the digestive enzyme activity of plateau Tibetan ewes.One hundred and twenty healthy 2 to 3-month-old weaned Tibetan Plateau ewes with similar body weights[(18.39±1.25)kg]were randomly divided into four groups,with six replicates in each group and five ewes in each replicate:0(Control group),15%(Test groupⅠ),18%(Test groupⅡ),and 21%(Test groupⅢ)were fed with palm meal instead of corn as concentrate supplement.The experiment was divided into a pre-feeding period of 7 days and a pilot period of 90 days.The results show that:1)The thickness of the rumen cuticle,the length of the reticulum papilla,the thickness of the muscle layer,and the thickness of the central muscle layer in the Control group were significantly less than those in Test groupⅠ(P<0.05).2)Compared with the Control group,the total antioxidant capacities of the rumen in Test groupⅠand Test groupⅡwere significantly increased(P<0.05).The activity of superoxide dismutase in Test groupⅠwas significantly higher than that in the other three groups(P<0.05).The catalase activities of the control group and Test groupⅠwere significantly higher than those of the other two groups(P<0.05).3)The activities ofα-amylase and cellulase in the Control group were significantly lower than those in Test groupⅠ(P<0.05).The activities of chymotrypsin and trypsin in the Control group were significantly lower than those in other groups(P<0.05).In conclusion,replacing corn in concentrate with 15%palm meal can significantly promote the development of the compound stomach morphology of plateau Tibetan sheep and effectively improve the rumen antioxidant capacity and digestive enzyme activity.