藏猪耐粗饲特性及其与肠道微生物的相关性研究

Study on Forage Tolerance and its Correlation With intestinal microbes in Tibetan Pigs

该试验旨在研究藏猪的耐粗饲特性,通过分析放牧藏猪、舍饲藏猪和商品猪(杜长大猪,DLY猪)粪便中细菌群落组成的差异性,获取与饲粮纤维消化相关的细菌群落。以饲养在西藏高原的5月龄放牧藏猪、舍饲藏猪和DLY猪为研究对象,采用消化试验测定其对饲粮纤维的表观消化率。采集粪便样品,利用单分子实时测序技术,测定粪便细菌V3-V4区域16S rRNA基因全长序列,分析粪便真菌群落的结构和多样性,采用Pearson相关分析获取饲粮纤维表观消化率与粪便中细菌群落的相关性。结果表明,放牧藏猪饲粮粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、纤维素和半纤维素表观消化率显著高于舍饲藏猪与DLY猪(p<0.05);DLY猪粗脂肪、粗蛋白质与总表观消化率最高,放牧藏猪最低(P<0.05)。粪便细菌中纤维杆菌门、变形菌门、琥珀酸弧菌属、Sphaerochaeta、纤维杆菌属、Anaerovorax,Alloprevotella rava,Fibrobacter intestinalis,Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens,Papillibacter cinnamivorans与饲粮纤维类物质表观消化率呈显著正相关(p<0.05)。结果表明,放牧藏猪具备耐粗饲能力,这种能力与粪便中的纤维降解菌密切相关。

The purpose of this experiment was to study the characteristics of forage tolerance of Tibetan pigs,analyze the differences of bacterial community composition in the feces of grazing Tibetan pigs,house-fed Tibetan pigs and commercial pigs(DLY pigs),and obtain the bacterial community related to the digestion of dietary fiber.The apparent digestibility of dietary fiber in 5-month-old grazing,house-fed and DLY pigs on the Tibetan Plateau was determined by digestion test.The 16S rRNA gene in V3-V4 region of fecal bacteria was sequenced by single-molecule real-time sequencing to analyze the structure and diversity of fecal fungal community.The correlation between apparent digestibility of dietary fiber and bacterial community in feces was obtained by Pearson correlation analysis.The results showed that the apparent digestibility of dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber,cellulose and hemicellulose in feces of grazing Tibetan pigs was significantly higher than that of house-fed Tibetan pigs and DLY pigs(p<0.05).DLY pigs had the highest crude fat,crude protein and gross energy apparent digestibility,while grazing Tibetan pigs had the lowest(p<0.05).In feces,Fibrinobacteria,Proteobacteria,Bribrio,Sphaerochaeta,Fibrobacteria,Anaerovorax,Alloprevotella rava,Fibrobacter intestinalis,Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens and Papillibacter cinnamivorans were positively correlated with the apparent digestibility of dietary fiber(p<0.05).The results showed that grazing Tibetan pigs had coarse feeding tolerance,which was closely related to fiber degrading bacteria in feces.