3个钟花樱品种嫁接繁育和生长节律研究

Study on Grafting and Growth Rhythm of Three Cerasus campanulata Cultivars

以3个钟花樱Cerasus campanulata品种为研究对象,以采种当年繁育的钟花樱籽播苗为砧木,通过对其嫁接成活率、株高、接口径和愈合良好率以及嫁接苗生长节律进行统计分析,以了解其嫁接苗生长特点、规律和差异。结果表明:3个品种嫁接成活率均较低,高低排序为‘满堂红’(66.25%)>‘丹心’(52.50%)>‘小桃红’(46.25%);株高以‘小桃红’最高、‘丹心’最低,差异显著(P<0.05);接口径以‘小桃红’最大、‘满堂红’最小,两者差异极显著(P<0.01),‘小桃红’与‘丹心’差异显著(P<0.05);3个品种的愈合良好率高且差异不大;3个品种嫁接苗的生长过程可利用Logistic方程拟合。生长时期可分为生长前期、速生期和生长后期,其中速生期生长量占整个生长量的57.27%~58.25%,株高速生期平均持续时间为77 d,接口径速生期平均持续时间为105 d,各时期株高和接口径净生长量均以‘小桃红’最大,进入株高和接口径速生期的时间均以‘满堂红’最早、‘小桃红’最晚,速生期持续时间均以‘满堂红’最长。

Using three Cerasus campanulata cultivars as the research object and the seedlings of C.campanulata seeds propagated in the year of seed collection as rootstock,the growth characteristics,regularities and differences of the grafted seedlings were discussed through statistical analysis of their grafting survival rate,plant height,diameter,healing rate and growth rhythm.The results showed that the survival rate of grafting of the three cultivars was low,with the order C.campanulata‘Mantanghong’(66.25%)>C.campanulata‘Danxin’(52.50%)>C.campanulata‘Xiaotaohong’(46.25%).The plant height was the highest in C.campanulata‘Xiaotaohong’and the lowest in C.campanulata‘Danxin’,with significant difference(P<0.05).The diameter was the largest in C.campanulata‘Xiaotaohong’and the smallest in C.campanulata‘Mantanghong’,and the difference between them was very significant(P<0.01),and the difference between C.campanulata‘Xiaotaohong’and C.campanulata‘Danxin’was significant(P<0.05).The good healing rate of the three cultivars was high and the difference was not significant.The growth process of the three cultivars of the grafted seedlings could be fitted by the Logistic equation,and the growth stage could be divided into the early growth stage,the fast-growing stage and the late growth stage,of which the growth amount in the fast-growing period accounted for 57.27%~58.25%of the entire growth amount.The average duration of the fast-growing period of height was 77 days,and the average duration of the fast-growing period of diameter was 105 days.The net growth of plant height and diameter in each period was the largest in C.campanulata‘Xiaotaohong’.The time to enter the fast-growing stage of the plant height and diameter was the earliest in C.campanulata‘Mantanghong’and the latest in C.campanulata‘Xiaotaohong’.C.campanulata‘Mantanghong’had the longest duration of fast-growing period.