松材线虫病生物防治技术研究进展

Research progress in biological control of pine wilt disease

松材线虫病是毁灭性的森林病害,如何保护松树资源免受松材线虫病害的侵袭已经成为林业工作的重要难题.常用的松材线虫病防控手段包括检疫隔离、化学防治和生物防治等,其中生物防治手段因环境友好越来越受到重视.松材线虫病生物防控的靶标是利用微生物对松材线虫进行防控,增强松树对松材线虫的耐受性;利用微生物、天敌昆虫等对媒介昆虫进行防控,切断其传播途径.其中施白僵菌和绿僵菌等病原微生物、释放花绒寄甲和肿腿蜂等天敌昆虫,在控制以松褐天牛为代表的媒介昆虫方面取得良好成效.

Pine wilt disease(PWD)caused by the invasion of pine wood nematode(PWN)(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)is a devastating forest disease,and the protection of pine resources from the disease has become a major challenge.Commonly used pine wilt disease control methods include isolation and quarantine,chemical control,and biological intervention.Biological control has become increasingly concerned for its environment friendly.The targets for biological control of PWD include the use of microorganisms to prevent and control PWN and vector insects,to enhance the tolerance of pine trees to PWN.The release of natural enemies of vector insects,including microorganisms and natural enemy insects,is effective to prevent and control vector insects and cut off their transmission routes.The application of entomopathogenic Beauveria sp.and Metarhizium sp.and the release of natural enemies of such as Dastarcus helophoroides and Sclerodermus guani have been shown effective in controlling the population of Monochamus alternatus.the main vector insect of PWD.