边疆治理视域下民国时期的南海开发政策及其影响

South China Sea Development Policy during the Republic of China and Its Influence from the Perspective of Borderland Governance

开发经营是国家在领土范围内宣示主权、行使管辖的重要标志之一。民国时期,南海主权危机加剧,为维护南海主权,巩固海疆安全,国民政府通过制定开发计划、招揽民间资本参与等方式推动南海诸岛的经营开发,是民国政府治理海疆的重要方式和内容。国民政府南海开发政策对于现阶段我国南海维权具有重要的推动作用,但也存在一定历史局限性,如开发内容单调,未能充分调动一切维权资源等。这与民国时期政治局势动荡,政府与社会各界对南海海疆的重视程度和认知水平尚存在不足、海疆治理人才匮乏、治理能力严重不足等因素有关。

Exploitation and operation is one of the important symbols for a country to declare sovereignty and exercise jurisdiction within its territory.During the period of the Republic of China,the South China Sea sovereignty crisis intensified.In order to safeguard the sovereignty of the South China Sea and consolidate maritime security,the government of the Republic of China adopted a variety of measures such as establishing development plan and soliciting private capital participation to promote the administration and development of the South China Sea islands,which were the important way and content of the Republic of China government to govern maritime territory.The South China Sea development policy of the Republic of China government plays an important role in promoting the rights protection of the South China Sea at present,but it also has some historical limitations such as monotonous development content and insufficient mobilization of all rights protection resources.These are related to the turbulent political situation during the Republic of China period,the insufficient attention and recognition level of the government and various sectors of society towards the South China Sea border,the lack of talent in coastal governance,and the serious lack of governance capabilities.