联合家庭干预对孤独症儿童治疗效果的影响

Efficacy of Family Intervention in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

目的探讨联合家庭干预对儿童孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)的治疗效果。方法选取2019—2022年在江西省儿童医院首诊的62例18~48月龄ASD患儿为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组30例和干预组32例。对照组采用常规康复训练,干预组在常规康复训练的基础上联合家庭干预训练,干预前和干预训练3个月后采用孤独症评估量表(CARS)和Gesell神经发育量表(GDS)评估2组儿童临床症状和神经发育水平,比较不同干预方式对2组儿童的影响。结果干预前2组儿童CARS得分、Gesell各维度DQ得分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预3个月后,2组儿童的神经发育水平较干预前有提升,对照组儿童在适应性、精细运动和语言维度DQ得分较干预前有提升,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预组儿童在适应性、大运动、精细运动、语言、个人-社交5个维度DQ得分均高于干预前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预3个月后,干预组儿童CARS得分、Gesell评估的社交和大运动维度DQ得分与干预前得分差值高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论联合家庭干预训练,可帮助ASD儿童更好地改善临床症状,促进其神经心理发育。

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of family intervention on autism spectrum disorders(ASD)in children.Methods Sixty-two children with ASD aged 18-48 months who were first diagnosed in Jiangxi Provincial Children’s Hospital from January 2019 to December 2022 were randomly given routine rehabilitation training alone(control group,30 cases)or in combination with family intervention training(intervention group,32 cases).Clinical symptoms and neurodevelopmental levels were evaluated using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale(CARS)and the Gesell Neurodevelopmental Scale(GDS)before and 3 months after intervention,respectively.The efficacies of these two intervention methods were compared.Results There were no significant differences in CARS scores and Gesell developmental quotient(DQ)scores between the two groups before intervention.However,the neurodevelopmental levels were improved after 3 months of intervention in both groups.A significant improvement was achieved in the DQ scores of adaptability,fine motor and language in the control group,and in the scores of adaptability,gross motor,fine motor,language and personal-social behavior in the intervention group(P<0.05).In addition,the improvement in CARS scores and Gesell DQ scores of gross motor and social behavior in the intervention group was greater than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Family intervention training can help to improve clinical symptoms and promote neuropsychological development in children with ASD.