老化卵母细胞组蛋白翻译后修饰改变研究进展

Research progress on post-translational modification of histone in aged oocytes

哺乳动物的繁殖能力通常会随着年龄的增长而下降,同时伴随着卵母细胞质量变差。表观遗传变化是哺乳动物老化的标志,由于年龄增长或者排卵后未及时受精均会产生老化的卵母细胞,而组蛋白修饰改变是卵母细胞老化的重要原因。在老化卵母细胞内组蛋白乙酰化、甲基化的改变会影响卵母细胞成熟及后续胚胎发育,使其在体细胞核移植时表现为发育不佳。在实际生产中,年龄较大的动物易产生老化卵母细胞,使其繁殖能力降低,导致畜禽饲养经济效益下降。为了提高老龄动物繁殖能力,增加畜牧养殖场经济效益,笔者主要从组蛋白乙酰化、甲基化方面阐述老化卵母细胞中组蛋白修饰的改变,旨在为更好地探究卵母细胞老化机制提供参考。

The reproductive capacity of mammals usually declines with age accompanied by the deterioration of oocyte plasmids.Epigenetic changes are the signs of aging in mammals.Aged oocytes are caused by aging or delayed fertilization after ovulation,and histone modification is an important reason for the aging of oocytes.The changes of histone acetylation and methylation in aged oocytes will affect the maturation of oocytes and the development of subsequent embryos,resulting in poor development during somatic cell nuclear transfer.In practical production,older animals are prone to produce aged oocytes,which reduces their reproduction ability and leads to the decline of economic benefits of livestock and poultry breeding.In order to increase the reproductive capacity of older animals and increase the economic benefits of livestock farming,the author mainly explained the changes of histone modification in aged oocytes from the aspects of histone acetylation and methylation,aiming to provide a reference for a better investigation of the mechanisms of oocyte aging.