有氧运动对滩羊生产性能、血常规、血液生化指标及免疫和抗氧化性能的影响

Effects of aerobic exercise on production performance,blood routine,blood biochemical indexes,immune and antioxidant properties of Tan sheep

为了研究有氧运动对育肥期滩羊生产性能、血常规、血液生化指标及免疫和抗氧化性能的影响,试验将60只同期断奶的体重为(16±2)kg的滩羊羔羊(公母各半)随机分为对照组、试验1组、试验2组,每组20只(公母各半),试验1组试验羊只除每天在圈舍内自由活动外沿生态牧场运动跑道有氧运动8~10 km,试验2组试验羊只除每天在圈舍内自由活动外沿生态牧场运动跑道有氧运动4~6 km,对照组每天仅在圈舍内自由活动,试验期为6个月,测定试验羊只的生长性能、血常规、血液生化指标及免疫和抗氧化性能指标,分析有氧运动量对试验滩羊上述指标的影响。结果表明:试验1组试验羊只的末体重、平均日增重和料重比优于试验2组和对照组。试验1组平均血红蛋白质量浓度、血小板数、血小板压积和三酰甘油浓度较对照组显著降低(P<0.05),尿素浓度、乳酸脱氢酶活性较对照组极显著降低(P<0.01),白球比和丙二醛浓度较对照组显著增高(P<0.05),血糖浓度较对照组极显著升高(P<0.01);试验2组血小板压积较对照组显著降低(P<0.05);试验1,2组血清白细胞介素-2、免疫球蛋白A、免疫球蛋白E、免疫球蛋白M、维生素A、维生素D、维生素E质量浓度与超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、淀粉酶活性和总抗氧化能力较对照组极显著升高(P<0.01);试验1,2组嗜酸性粒细胞数及白细胞介素-5、白细胞介素-6、白细胞介素-8、内皮素质量浓度较对照组极显著降低(P<0.01);试验1组平均血红蛋白和内皮素质量浓度较试验2组显著降低(P<0.05),白细胞介素-5、白细胞介素-6、白细胞介素-8质量浓度较试验2组极显著降低(P<0.01);试验1组血糖浓度,白细胞介素-2、免疫球蛋白A、免疫球蛋白E、免疫球蛋白M、维生素D质量浓度和超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性及总抗氧化能力较试验2组极显著升高(P<0.01),肌酸激酶活性较试验2组显著升高(P<0.05);试验2组肌酸激酶同工酶活性较试验1组和对照组极显著升高(P<0.01)。说明育肥期滩羊每天有氧运动8~10 km可提高饲料利用率和肝脏代谢功能,改善血糖、血脂代谢,促进蛋白质合成及脂溶性维生素吸收,增加血清抗炎因子、免疫球蛋白、抗氧化物质含量和淀粉酶活性,降低血清促炎因子及三酰甘油含量。

In order to study the effects of aerobic exercise on production performance,blood routine,blood biochemical indexes,immune and antioxidant properties of Tan sheep in fattening period,60 Tan sheep lambs(male and female half)weaned at the same time with the body weight of(16±2)kg were randomly divided into control group,test group 1,and test group 2,with 20 lambs in each group(half male and half femade).The sheep in test group 1 exercised aerobically for 8-10 km along the ecological pasture exercise track in addition to free movement in the enclosure every day;the sheep in test group 2 exercised aerobically for 4-6 km along the ecological pasture exercise track in addition to free movement in the enclosure every day,and the sheep in the control group only moved freely in the enclosure every day.The experiment lasted for 6 months.During and after the experiment,the growth performance,blood routine,blood biochemical indexes,immune and antioxidant performance indexes of the test sheep were determined,and the effects of aerobic exercise on the above indexes were analyzed.The results showed that the average daily gain and feed to gain ratio of sheep in test group 1 were better than those in test group 2 and the control group.Compared with the control group,the mean hemoglobin mass concentration,platelet,platelet pressure and triglyceride concentration in test group 1 were significantly decreased(P<0.05);the urea concentration and lactate dehydrogenase activity were also extremely significantly decreased(P<0.01);the white sphere ratio and malondialdehyde concentration were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the blood glucose concentration was also extremely significantly increased(P<0.01).The platelet accumulation in the test group 2 was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).The serum mass concentrations of interleukin-2,immunoglobulin A,immunoglobulin E,immunoglobulin M,vitamin A,vitamin D and vitamin E,the activities of superoxide dismutase,glutathione peroxidase and amylase and the total antioxidant capacity in test groups 1 and 2 were extremely significantly increased compared with those in the control group(P<0.01).The mass eosinophils count,interleukin 5,interleukin 6,interleukin 8 and endothelial diathesis in test groups 1 and 2 were extremely significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.01).The mean hemoglobin and endothelial mass concentration in test group 1 were significantly lower than those in the test group 2(P<0.05),and the mass concentrations of interleukin-5,interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 were lower than those in test group 2(P<0.01).Compared with test group 2,the concentrations of blood glucose,interleukin-2,immunoglobulin A,immunoglobulin E,immunoglobulin M,and vitamin D,the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase,and the total antioxidant capacity of sheep in test group 1 were extremely significantly increased(P<0.01),and creatine kinase activity was also significantly increased(P<0.05).The creatine kinase isoenzyme activity in test group 2 was extremely significantly higher than that in test group 1 and the control group(P<0.01).In conclusion,aerobic exercise of 8~10 km per day for Tan sheep in the fattening stage could improve the feed utilization rate,liver metabolic function,blood glucose and lipid metabolism,protein synthesis and fat soluble vitamin absorption,increase the contents of anti-inflammatory factors,immunoglobulin,antioxidant substances and amylase activity in serum,and reduce the contents of pro-inflammatory factors and triacylglycerin in serum.