循证安全设计理论的探索

Exploration of evidence-based safety design theory

为丰富安全设计理论体系并提高其实用性,运用归纳法和文献分析法,对循证安全设计理论方法进行探索。基于安全科学、系统科学、安全设计理论和循证思想从理论高度对循证安全设计的定义、内涵、特性、功能和方法进行剖析。结合循证安全设计整体结构对其研究内容概括,提炼出循证安全设计的8大特性和5大功能。应用安全设计的“方位-方向-方法-方式”程序构建循证安全设计通用模型,阐释循证安全设计实践步骤和循证安全设计证据系统的建构,并对循证安全设计应用进行理论和实践层面展望。研究表明:循证安全设计是安全设计实践的延伸,循证安全设计实践模式的8大步骤,“提出问题—找寻证据—评估分析—制定决策—预期假设—效果评价—形成新证据—持续改进”等为安全设计提供一种新方法,作为安全设计的外延,循证安全设计丰富了安全设计理论的内容,为其应用提供了新视角。

To enrich safety design theory and improve its practicability,an evidence-based safety design theory was explored with induction and literature analysis.Based on safety science,system science,safety design theory and evidence-based theory,this paper examined the definition,connotation,characteristics,function,and methodology of evidence-based safety design from a theoretical level.Combined with an overall structure of the evidence-based safety design,the research content was summarized,and the eight characteristics and five functions of evidence-based safety design were extracted.The“location-direction-method-path”program of safety design was used to construct a general model of evidence-based safety design,and to illustrate the practical steps of evidence-based safety design and the construction of evidence-based safety design evidence system,with the application of evidence-based safety design explained further theoretically and practically.The results show that evidence-based safety design is an extension of safety design practice,and the eight steps of evidence-based safety design practice mode,or,“question raising,evidence finding,evaluation and analysis,decision making,expectation hypothesis,effect evaluation,new evidence formation,continuous improvement”,serves as a new way to safety design.Evidence-based safety design,an extended apporach,could enrich the content of safety design theory and provide a novel perspective for its application.