渔文化八景的流域非遗特征及保护传承研究——以长江中下游为例

The Intangible Characteristics and Inheritance of the Fishing Culture Eight Scenes in the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plains

我国长江中下游区域湖泊众多、人文荟萃,促成了该地区十分突出的渔文化八景现象,本研究对长江中下游流域的渔文化非遗的保护与传承大有裨益。文章厘清了长江中下游地区渔文化八景的时空分布与特征,对其景目构成要素进行了聚类分析,并从非遗视角阐释其保护与传承。研究显示:1)区域内渔文化八景密集但空间分布不均,总体呈“一轴四核四带”的格局,具有明显的流域集聚特征并深受流域自然、经济、文化等多因素影响;2)流域渔文化景目集中反映了涉渔行为、活动、时气、景物、景致等要素,“渔歌”是长江中下游最典型的八景非物质文化遗产;3)渔文化八景的非遗传承主体是文人士大夫及渔民,而传承形式则以渔歌、渔猎活动、渔具以及方志中的诗文绘画等为主。长江中下游地区渔文化八景既是我国优秀传统文化遗产的物质载体,又具有极强的非物质文化特征,因此以流域视角探析渔文化八景内涵,将为保护流域人居环境的地域特色提供有力支撑。

There are many lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China,and a large number of material relics related to fishery have been formed,which has contributed to the phenomenon of the eight scenic spots of fishing culture in the region,which reflects the characteristics and value of its intangible cultural heritage in terms of composition and expression content and methods,so it can be used as an excellent example for in-depth study of the intangible cultural heritage connotation of China’s traditional eight scenic cultures.This study is of great benefit to the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage of fishery culture in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.By combing through the historical records of eight scenes,eight scenes of poetry and eight scenes of painting related to fishing culture,a total of 121 existing eight scenes of fishing culture in the basin can be obtained.These 121 rivers are summarized according to the main stream of the Yangtze River,the tributaries of the Yangtze River and other rivers,the intersection of lake systems and ports according to four categories,and the eight scenic heritage sites of fishery culture in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are obtained.At the same time,the spatial and temporal distribution,characteristics and causes of the eight fishery culture in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River were clarified,and the constituent elements of the scenery were analyzed in clusters,and the ideological origin,protection foundation,protection content,inheritance group and heritage value were explained from the perspective of intangible cultural heritage.The study shows that:1)the eight scenic spots of fishery culture in the region take the main stream of the Yangtze River as the main axis,and their four core gathering circles follow the sequence of Guyunmengze-Dongting Lake-Poyang Lake-Taihu Lake down the river,and the overall pattern is“one axis,four cores and four belts”,constituting a huge cultural heritage network of the river basin.Its spatial distribution is uneven,but it has obvious characteristics of watershed agglomeration,and is deeply affected by many factors such as nature,economy and culture of watershed.And the time information of the eight scenic spots of regional fishery culture collected above is sorted out,and it is found that the eight scenic spots of fishery culture in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are roughly concentrated in the Song Dynasty,Yuan Dynasty,Ming Dynasty,Qing Dynasty,and before the reform and opening up,of which the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty were extremely prosperous in the two periods,the reason for this phenomenon is that the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River can better learn the collection mode of the eight scenic spots of Xiaoxiang due to its geographical advantages,and the second is the longmaintained tradition of revising local historical records in China's history to record the eight scenes.Dissemination and inheritance played an important role in promoting,thirdly,the rapid economic development of China’s Jiangnan region during the Ming and Qing dynasties led to fishery production and life becoming an important theme of the eight local scenery in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River during this period;2)the current two words of fishery cultural landscape in the river basin are the source of fishing scenery,reflecting different water system environments and characteristics,and the last two characters are mostly related to fishing culture behavior,activities,time,scenery and other scenery elements,the scenery of the eight fishing culture inscribed is clustered and analyzed,and summarized into sound scenes,light scenes,scenery and other four types according to the frequency of occurrence.“Fishing song”is the most typical intangible cultural heritage of eight scenes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River;3)the main body of the intangible inheritance of the eight scenes of fishing culture is literati,doctors and fishermen,while the forms of inheritance are mainly fishing songs,fishing and hunting activities,fishing gear,and poetry and paintings in Fang Zhi,and their intangible cultural relics have extremely high historical,literary and artistic value.The eight scenic spots of fishery culture in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River carry the natural factors,production and life,and folk song art in the region,which is not only the material carrier of China’s excellent traditional cultural heritage,but also has strong intangible cultural characteristics,so tracing the cultural roots of the eight scenic spots in the region from the perspective of the river basin,excavating the path of construction and inheritance of the traditional eight scenic spots,and refining the spiritual core of the eight scenic spots of fishing culture will provide strong support for the protection of the regional characteristics of the human settlement environment in the river basin.