国内外流域文化遗产保护研究进展与展望(2003—2022年)

Research Progress and Prospect of River Basin Cultural Heritage Protection(2003-2022)

流域作为跨区域、跨文化、跨古今的大型线性地理空间单元,是文化遗产天然的地域性空间载体。在文化遗产保护重视区域化、整体性的国际学术语境和大运河、黄河、长江国家文化公园建设的实践背景下,梳理流域文化遗产保护的研究脉络并分析其发展方向,能够为流域文化遗产整体性保护、可持续发展以及保障国家文化公园建设提供理论参考。通过对2003年遗产运河、遗产线路纳入《实施<世界遗产公约>操作指南》附录至今(2003—2022年)的流域文化遗产保护研究期刊论文进行综述与分析发现:第一,流域文化遗产保护研究的热点为文化遗产、保护、文化、保护发展、可持续发展;其次为文化旅游、文化生态;后续将有望以文化旅游、生态保护、文旅融合以及可持续发展等主题作为延续。第二,流域文化遗产保护研究的主要国别为中国;学科以文化、环境科学与生态学为主,并呈现出多学科交叉融合的特点;内容聚焦在文化遗产特征、现状以及保护利用策略等方面;方法主要为GIS空间分析法。第三,在未来的流域文化遗产保护研究中,可以围绕“数据库构建—特征梳理—现状分析—策略提出”的逻辑展开,从微观、中观、宏观不同的视角形成文化遗产单体保护、文化遗产与自然环境系统保护、流域层面文化遗产区域协同保护的保护模式,以及通过文旅融合的方式推动区域可持续发展的利用模式;具体的方向可进一步注重流域文化遗产保护作为区域化、整体性保护重点内容、引入文化与生态综合考虑的视角以及国内外研究对比深入挖掘等三个方面的研究重点。

As a large-scale linear geographic spatial unit that spans regions,cultures,and eras,the river basin is natural regional spatial carrier of cultural heritage.In the international academic context of emphasizing regionalization and integrity in cultural heritage protection,as well as the practical background of the construction of national cultural park such as the Grand Canal,the Yellow River,and the Yangtze River,sorting out the research context of river basin cultural heritage protection and analyzing its development direction can provide theoretical reference for the integrated protection and sustainable development of river basin cultural heritage,and ensure the construction of national cultural park.In order to be able to reflect the overall hot spots and trends and sort out the specific theories and methods,Citespace and Systematic review are used to summarize the research journal papers on river basin cultural heritage protection in the 20 years since the trend of the regional and integrated protection of international cultural heritage was formed(2003-2022).Firstly,Citespace was used to conduct a quantitative analysis of the thematic journal papers related to river basin cultural heritage protection using foreign Web of Science(core dataset)and Chinese CNKI database,and the overall research hotspots and trends were identified.Then,through systematic review based on relevance,high citation,and journal sources,papers are selected and systematically analyzed to obtain specific research objects,content,and methods for domestic and foreign research.Research findings:1)The analysis of Citespace shows that the hot topics in the research of river basin cultural heritage protection include cultural heritage,protection,culture,protection and development,and sustainable development;Then,the following research hotspots are cultural tourism and cultural ecology;Subsequent research hotspots may continue with themes such as cultural tourism,ecological protection,integration of cultural tourism,and sustainable development.2)The analysis of systematic review shows that the English papers clearly indicates that China is the main country for the study of river basin cultural heritage protection;the joint statistics of Chinese and English papers indicate that culture and environmental science&ecology are the dominant research disciplines,and exhibit the characteristics of interdisciplinary and integrated research.The research focuses on the characteristics,current situation,and protection and utilization strategies of cultural heritage.The research on characteristics includes the analysis of cultural heritage types,distribution,and generation mechanisms.The research on protection status focuses on the analysis of protection planning,management mechanisms,and the coercion of natural and cultural factors such as hydrology and urbanization on cultural heritage;protection strategies can be classified into two categories:the protection of cultural heritage and natural environmental systems,and the regional coordinated protection of cultural heritage.The utilization strategy is mainly carried out through cultural tourism to achieve the goal of regional coordinated development;the main research method is GIS spatial analysis.3)The research logic suggestions for river basin cultural heritage protection can be carry out through“database construction-feature sorting-current situation analysis-strategy proposal”.From macro,meso,and micro perspectives,differences in research content and methods are shown.From macro perspectives,attention is paid to its spatiotemporal distribution and influencing factors,from meso perspectives,attention is paid to its relations with the surrounding environment,and from micro perspectives,attention is paid to its type itself,forming a model for the protection of individual cultural heritage,the protection of cultural heritage and natural environment systems,the regional coordinated protection of cultural heritage at the river basin level,and the utilization of cultural heritage through the integration of culture and tourism to promote regional sustainable development.In addition,the specific direction should further focus on river basin cultural heritage protection as a key content of regional and integrated protection,the introduction of a comprehensive perspective on culture and ecology,and the in-depth exploration of domestic and foreign research comparison.