基于有序PROBIT模型的历史文化街区风貌满意度研究

Research on Landscape Satisfaction of Historic District Based on Ordered Probit Model

以大召历史文化街区为研究对象,在构建风貌要素指标体系的基础上,采用民众风貌感知数据,运用有序Probit模型、边际效用分析与I-S评分法,研究风貌要素满意度对总体风貌满意度的影响机理,以此对风貌改造工作提出精准建议。结果表明:街道服务设施特点、灯光照明、景观特点与历史文化之“风”四个风貌要素满意度对总体风貌满意度具有显著影响;相比于男性,女性对街区风貌的要求更高,更不容易被满足;风貌要素优先提升权从高到低依次为街道服务设施特点、灯光照明、景观特点与历史文化之“风”。

Historic districts are the collection of material form elements and non-material consciousness elements of urban history.They representing the core of urban landscape and the value of urban traditional culture.At present,there is insufficient attention to the needs of citizens in the renovation of historic districts,and the renovation results cannot be closely related to the citizen’s perception.Therefore,it is of great significance to improve the landscape of historic districts and improve the quality of living environment by paying attention to the research on the renovation of historic districts based on the perception of citizens.Dazhao historic district is located in Yuquan area of Hohhot.The whole district embodies the characteristics of the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty.It is a typical case of studying the landscape of historic districts.In recent years,Dazhao historic district have been renovated many times,occupying a large amount of public resources.However,there are problems such as low decision-making accuracy and low renovation efficiency in improving the landscape renovation of Dazhao historic district,which are urgent problems to be solved.Firstly,through the literature survey method,the landscape elements system in the evaluation of historic districts is obtained.Based on field research,using the principles of operability,systematicness and comprehensiveness,the landscape elements system suitable for Dazhao historic district was established.The landscape elements system mainly includes first-level indicator,secondlevel indicators and third-level indicators.The first-level indicator is the satisfaction of overall landscape,the second-level indicators are satisfaction of architectural form,scenery,greening,traffic facilities,street service facilities,lighting,public life style,historical and cultural style,and the third-level indicators are 19 indicators such as advertising logo characteristics,number of parking spaces,number of trash cans,road pavement system scheduling,and number of public toilets.Secondly,we randomly selected the activists in Dazhao historic district,and used the questionnaire survey method to obtain 520 individual characteristics of the respondents and their perception data on the landscape of Dazhao historic district.The satisfaction of first-level indicators and the thirdlevel indicators is directly obtained by the questionnaire,and the satisfaction of the second-level indicators is obtained by calculating the satisfaction of the corresponding third-level indicators.Finally,the ordered Probit model is used to analyze the regression of Model 1 without the individual characteristics of the respondents and Model 2 with the individual characteristics of the respondents.The results show that the four second-level indicators always have a significant impact on the firstlevel indicator.On this basis,the marginal utility analysis and I-S scoring method are used to rank the priority of the second-level indicators.The results show that the priority ranking of the secondlevel indicators obtained by two different methods is consistent.Then,according to the priority ranking of the second-level indicators,the priority ranking of the third-level indicators is obtained.The research conclusions are as follows.1)As the urban landscape core of the historical and cultural city,the average satisfaction score of all kinds of landscape elements in Dazhao historic district is 3.52,which still needs to be improved.2)The satisfaction of street service facilities,lighting,scenery and historical culture style has a significant impact on the satisfaction of overall landscape.Therefore,in the relevant research and practical application,more attention should be paid to the above four types of landscape elements,and it is necessary to increase the number of corresponding landscape sub-elements to achieve more in-depth quantitative research.3)Compared with men,women have higher requirements for the landscape of historic district and are less likely to be satisfied.Therefore,increasing the proportion of female respondents when obtaining public needs will help to find more existing problems and open up the possibility of potential quality improvement.4)The priority of landscape elements from high to low is the satisfaction of street service facilities,lighting,scenery and historical and cultural style.Achieving low-cost and high-efficiency historic district landscape renovation work plan is to increase the number of shading facilities,the lighting effect of landmark buildings,the number of water landscapes and the number of festival folk activities.Based on the above conclusions,this paper puts forward accurate suggestions for the renovation of the Dazhao historic district,and clarifies the key contents of the renovation work,in order to provide references for the renovation of the relevant districts from the perspective of citizen’s perception.In general,this paper expands the idea of historic district landscape research and discusses new ways to improve the quality of human settlements.