基于数据增强设计的城市街道空间品质评价与更新对策研究——以杭州市上城区为例

Urban Street Space Quality Evaluation and Renewal Countermeasures Based on Data Augmented Design:A Case Study of Shangcheng District of Hangzhou City

围绕高质量发展的国家战略,聚集城市更新的重要问题,发展了数据增强设计方法并将之应用于城市街道空间品质评价与更新的实践研究。以杭州市上城区为实证,设计了“品质评价——空间分类——规划指引——更新时序”的城市街道空间品质提升更新的技术框架。基于多源数据的应用,建立了主观感知出发的街道空间品质评价和客观街道空间形态分类相结合的现状认知方法;设计了以“街段单元”为更新改造对象的针对性更新规划指引;提出了基于街道重要性的更新改造实施时序。充分发挥了多源数据在城市街道空间现状评估、更新规划和管理实施中的增强作用,为我国城市的更新规划与品质提升提供了技术方法支撑和实践借鉴。

Urban development has already entered a critical period of urban renewal.Stock renewal focusing on improving urban quality has become an essential task of urban planning and construction in China.The street is a vital part of urban space.It is not only the skeleton that determines urban morphology but also the main form of public space.However,in the process of accelerating urbanization,the street space often presents the problem of low spatial quality,leaving users with bad subjective feelings.In the context of urban renewal,the necessity and urgency of improving the street space quality have been gradually realized.Nonetheless,the implementation of street space quality improvement is not simple.Streets are widely distributed,have massive elements,and are closely related to public activities.Street space is a complex space consisting of ground,top,street and building surfaces.In addition,although traditional research methods can quickly carry out the renewal of a certain street or specific area,it is tough to precisely describe the subjective feelings of citizens on a large scale.It is also hard to enforce the systematic arrangement of street space quality evaluation,renovation,and management.In recent years,technical methods for collecting and analyzing urban street view images have rapidly developed,making large-scale urban street space analysis possible.However,the current related articles mainly focus on the quality evaluation of street space,emphatically discussing the relationship between the objective form of the street environment and people’s intuitive cognition,and only a few of them would guide the specific space design.Focusing on the national strategy of high-quality development and considering the important problems of urban renewal,the method based on data augmented design is developed and applied to the whole process of urban street space quality evaluation and renewal.This paper designs a technical framework of“quality evaluation-spatial classification-planning guidelines-renewal sequence”for improving urban street space quality.Specifically,collect street view images and use the methods of small sample comparison,Elo rating system,and convolutional neural network model to obtain the distribution of low-quality street space from users’subjective feelings.Then,taking the“Street Segment Unit”as the smallest research unit,collect the related features of street space functions and elements,and cluster the low-quality street.On this basis,it puts forward targeted street renewal planning guidelines.Finally,it obtains the crowd distribution characteristics based on the telecommunication data,and correlates it with low-quality streets to propose street update timing recommendations.This technical method was applied to the Shangcheng District of Hangzhou City.The results showed that:firstly,low-quality streets were mainly distributed in the Sibao-Qibao unit and Dingqiao unit.Secondly,low-quality streets were finally divided into ten categories according to functional and spatial elements,showing different characteristics and suitable for different updating strategies.Thirdly,the streets proposed to be updated shortly were mainly located in the lakeside area,Kaixuan unit,international trade city unit,and Dingqiao unit.Relying on multi-source data,a status quo awareness approach that combines subjective and objective perspectives is established,including the street space quality evaluation based on users’perception and the street space form classification given existing elements.The targeted planning guidelines which take the“Street Segment Unit”as the renovation object are designed.The implementation sequence of renewal based on the importance of streets is proposed.This technical process makes full use of multi-source data in the evaluation,planning,and implementation of urban street space.And it provides technical method support and practical reference for the renewal planning and quality improvement of cities in China.