乡村协同治理模式及机制研究——基于广东省凤和村与龙山塘村的比较分析

Study on the Model and Mechanism of Rural Collaborative Governance:Based on the Comparative Analysis of Fenghe Village and Longshantang Village in Guangdong Province

健全乡村治理体系是乡村振兴战略的重要组成部分。随着中国社会经济的发展,乡村治理主体经历了从一到多的过程。为了提高乡村治理的持续动力,如何实现乡村多元主体协同治理值得深入探讨。选取珠江三角洲地区的凤和村与非珠江三角洲地区的龙山塘村作为案例,通过实地调研对两村进行比较分析;从协同治理理论出发,综合国内外相关文献与中国实际情况整理适于本研究的分析框架,研究协同治理模式及机制。研究发现,凤和村属于强劲外生资本介入模式,经济实力的强劲使得协同治理进行得较为顺利,清晰有效的协议是其首要保障;龙山塘村则是较强内生实力支撑模式,各主体之间的协同治理趋于本土化。本研究为建立健全现代乡村社会治理体制提供理论依据和实践参考。

Improving the rural governance is an important part of the rural revitalization strategy put forward at the 19th CPC National Congress in 2017.With the development of China’s social economy,the participants of rural governance in China have experienced a process from single subject to multiple subjects.After being placed under the overall leadership and control by the government,and with state resources allocated to the grassroots level according to a plan,social grassroots management has gradually developed into a positive situation where multiple actors,such as grassroots party organizations,governments,mass self-governing organizations,social forces,and market forces,cooperate in governance.This indicates that,with the participation of various parties,the quality and efficiency of grassroots management have been improved,and a pattern of co-governance has been established.The diversification of the main subject brings continuous impetus to rural governance.However,how to realize the multi-subject cooperative governance in rural areas is worthy of further discussion.The theory of collaborative governance originated in the West,and is a product that combines the theory of collaboration from systems science with the governance theory in public administration.The theory emphasizes the importance of collaboration,communication,and coordination among multiple non-state stakeholders with diverse knowledge,skills,and perspectives,aiming at formulating or implementing public policies or managing public projects,with a focus on achieving effective,equitable,and sustainable outcomes.Learning from the theory of collaborative governance,the research tried to establish an analytical framework which includes seven parts:background factors;collaborative processes(including communication,mutual understanding,process commitment and trust building);system design;collaboration(the intangible enhancement of intellectual,social and political capital);actual effect(the improvement of tangible human settlement environment);feedback and adaptation.This framework demonstrates how,given certain background factors,the collaborative process can achieve process commitment and build trust through communication that leads to a shared understanding,facilitated by institutional design.Ultimately,this leads to improved collaborative abilities and practical outcomes,resulting in an upward spiral.The actual outcomes of collaboration feed back into the process,making subsequent collaborations smoother and fitting the background factors more appropriately.This study conducted an investigation into the collaborative governance model and mechanism,selecting Fenghe Village in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong Province and Longshantang Village in the non-Pearl River Delta region as cases.Fenghe Village is situated in the economically developed Pearl River Delta region,and experienced economic growth due to its proximity to Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport.On the other hand,Longshantang Village promoted economic development by highlighting its ecological and cultural advantages in the less economically developed northern Guangdong region.Despite having distinct economic development strategies,both villages have similarities in their macro environment as they are adjacent to a tourist gathering area and have developed tourism.The study found that Fenghe Village is characterized by a strong exogenous capital intervention model,which facilitates smooth collaborative governance as well as clear and effective agreements as its primary guarantee.The developer plays a coordinating role,while the village committees actively cooperate with each other,and the government provides sufficient policy support,thereby attracting social organizations.The parties involved carry out open and transparent cooperation through signed agreements and other systems,while microtransformation and village regulations significantly reduce coordination difficulties.On the other hand,Longshantang Village represents strong endogenous strength support and localized collaborative governance among various subjects.The village committees actively explore the development path of Longshantang Village,establishing economic cooperatives,and encouraging villagers to participate in village construction.The committees negotiate with villagers on intensive land transfer and with cooperatives on villagers’shares and land rent.The cooperatives attract outside capital through open agreements,while the village regulations help villagers better understand village construction,thereby promoting village development.Overall,this study provides valuable insights into establishing and perfecting modern rural social governance systems,highlighting the importance of effective collaboration among various stakeholders,through developer coordination,government policy support,and clear agreements.The findings can facilitate rapid and sustainable economic development in rural areas and contribute to the overall prosperity of these regions in China.