平台经济下的劳动控制与抵抗——以网络文学平台的田野调研为例

Labor Control and Resistance under the Platform Economy——A Case Study of the Field Research on Online Literature Platforms

平台经济使资本对劳动过程的控制更隐蔽、更精密。资本对平台的逻辑宰制体现在使劳动力转化为劳动的劳动过程控制中,具体以控制机制与同意机制为手段:一方面,它通过数据垄断和算法应用及计件薪资机制、竞争激励机制、评价反馈机制构建起隐蔽的强技术控制机制与精密的软组织控制机制;另一方面,平台经济时代资本的手段也更加高明和巧妙,它通过制造梦想、公平感知和劳动游戏化,从而“获取”劳动者的自发同意,导致劳动者抵抗意愿不断下降。平台的劳动控制机制,揭示了平台劳动者面临的技术囚徒、虚假自由和主体性消解等劳动困境。只有社会主义才能超越资本逻辑,确立平台经济新型劳资关系,强化平台责任,放大平台经济积极作用。

The platform economy makes capital's control over the labor process more hidden and sophisticated.The logical domination of platforms by capital is embodied in the labor process controlthat converts labor force into labor,specifically by means of control and consent mechanisms.Through data monopoly,algorithm application,the piecework pay mechanism,the competition incentive mechanism and the evaluation feedback mechanism,hidden strong technical control mechanisms and sophisticated soft organization control mechanisms are constructed.On the other hand,the means of capital in the era of platform economy are also more brilliant and ingenious.Through the creation of dreams,fair perception and labor gamification,capital"obtains"the spontaneous consent of workers,and workers'willingness to resist is constantly declining.The labor control mechanism of platforms reveals the labor dilemmas faced by platform workers,such as technical prisoners,false freedom,and subjectivity disintegration.Only under socialist conditions can we transcend the logic of capital,establish a new type of labor-capital relationship in the platform economy,strengthen the responsibility of platforms,and amplify the positive role of the platform economy.