洞庭湖水质污染状况分析及防治对策

Analysis of Water Pollution in Dongting Lake and its Countermeasures

在洞庭湖设置16个监测断面,收集整理2014—2018年的水质监测数据,利用单因子评价法评价各监测断面水质.结果表明,2014—2018年洞庭湖总体水质逐年改善,水质由Ⅳ类、Ⅴ类转变为Ⅳ类;2018年16个监测断面TN浓度为1.37~2.28 mg/L,TP浓度为0.060~0.095 mg/L;湖区主要污染为工业点源污染、流域面源污染等.建议通过严格控制农业面源污染、防治工业点源污染、推进河湖生态修复等措施改善洞庭湖水质.

16 monitoring sections in Dongting Lake were set up to collect and collate the water quality monitoring data from 2014 to 2018.The results show that the overall water quality in Dongting Lake had improved year by year from 2014 to 2018,with the water quality changing from class IV and Class V to Class IV.In 2018,the concentrations of TN and TP in 16 monitoring sections were 1.37−2.28 mg/L and 0.060−0.095 mg/L respectively.The main pollution in the lake area is the industrial point source pollution and the non-point source pollution in the river basin.It is recommended that we should improve Dongting Lake’s water quality through the strict control of agricultural non-point source pollution,prevention and control of industrial point source pollution,and the promotion of ecological restoration of rivers and lakes.