汉语“N的V”结构中的动名不分--基于心理加工视角的实验证据

Verbs and Nouns Undifferentiated in the Chinese“N de V”Construction:Empirical Evidence from a Cognitive Processing Perspective

汉语“N的V”结构中V的词性问题一直饱存争议,各家观点多是基于某种处理策略或某一理论假设进行的思辨式理论分析,尚未见到来自实证研究的证据。有鉴于此,本研究采用行为实验和眼动实验方法,从心理加工视角探究“N的V”结构中V的词性问题。通过三项实验,本研究分别考察“N的V”结构中V与“N的N”结构中N,在单独呈现条件和一定句法框架条件下的加工异同。实验1使用搭配合理性判断任务,研究发现,不管“N的V”中N是施事还是受事,“N的V”结构中V与“N的N”结构中N在反应时和正确率上均不存在显著差异。实验2采用词类判断实验,也发现两种语义关系下的V与N的反应时均不存在差异,但V的正确率显著低于N,表明被试倾向于将V判断为N。实验3考察自然句子加工条件下,V与N的差异,结果发现,各条件下的眼动注视时间均不存在显著差异。这表明,“N的V”结构中V在心理加工上与N无异,“N的V”就是“N的N”,汉语“N的V”结构符合向心结构理论。

The part of speech of V in the“N de V”construction(NDV hereafter)in Chinese has always been a subject of controversy.Most of the opinions are based on a certain processing strategy or a certain theoretical assumption,and no evidence from empirical research has been found.In view of this,the present study used one behavioral experiment and one eye movement experiment to explore the part of speech of V in NDV from the perspective of psychological processing.In the present study,three experiments were conducted to explore the processing differences between V in NDV and N in“N de N”construction(NDN hereafter)under the condition of separate presentation and in a certain syntactic framework.Experiment 1 adopted a semantic rationality judgment task to examine the processing differences between V in NDV and N in NDN in terms of the two semantic relations(N as agent vs.N as patient).It was found that whether N and V in NDV were agents or patients,there was no significant difference in reaction time and accuracy between V in NDV and N in NDN.In Experiment 2,a part-of-speech decision task was used to examine the processing differences between V and N in terms of the two semantic relations.It was also found that there was no significant difference in reaction time between V and N no matter what semantic role N assumes,but the accuracy of V was significantly lower than that of N,indicating that the participants tended to judge V as N.In Experiment 3,NDV and NDN were placed in the sentence,and the eye-tracking technology was used to investigate the processing difference between V in NDV and N in NDN in natural sentence reading,and the results showed that there was no significant difference in the fixation time for each condition.These results suggest that V in the NDV is psychologically the same as N,i.e.,NDV is NDN,and that the Chinese NDV conforms to the theory of endocentric construction.