钻井工程“血液”——钻完井液技术的发展现状与趋势

Development Status and Trend of Drilling and Completion Fluid:"Blood"of Drilling Projects

系统梳理了深层、深水、非常规等复杂油气钻探中面临的钻完井液技术难题,结合关键科学问题及其研究进展,对深层、深水、非常规等复杂油气钻完井液技术未来的发展方向给出了建议。针对复杂油气钻井过程中遭遇的高温高压高盐、储层损害、流变性能差、水合物堵塞及井壁失稳等问题,国内外学者研发了抗高温环保型、抗高温高盐高密度型及液体套管型钻完井液技术。但随着钻探的地层情况越来越复杂,还存在钻完井液材料抗高温能力不足、环保性能差及井漏与储层损害严重的问题。为满足复杂油气钻探过程中钻完井液性能需求,未来还需深入研究钻完井液处理剂作用机制,建立安全高效的钻完井液多功能一体化调控方法,构建智能钻完井液理论与技术,为复杂油气资源开发提供技术保障。

This paper systematically reviews the technical problems of drilling and completion fluid in deep-earth,deep-sea,unconventional,and other complex oil and gas drilling.According to the key scientific problems and their research progress,the future development direction of drilling and completion fluid technologies in deep-earth,deep-sea,unconventional,and other complex oil and gas drlling is proposed.In view of high temperature,high pressure,high salt,reservoir damage,poor rheological properties,hydrate blockage,and wellbore instability encountered in complex oil and gas drilling,global scholars have developed high-temperature and environmental protection drilling and completion fluid technology,high-temperature,high-salt,and high-density drilling and completion fluid technology,and liquid casing drilling and completion fluid technology.However,as drilled formation gets increasingly complex,there are still problems such as insufficient high temperature resistance of drilling and completion fluid materials,poor environmental protection performance,and serious lost circulation and reservoir damage.In order to meet the performance requirements of drilling and completion fluid in complex oil and gas drilling,it is necessary to further study the mechanism of drilling and completion fluid treatment agents,establish a safe and efficient multi-functional integrated control method for drilling and completion fluid,and build intelligent drilling and completion fluid theory and technology,so as to provide technical support for developing complex oil and gas resources in China.