宗族社会与人神淆杂:中国神话宗法化的现实根基

Clan Society and the Mingling of Human Beings with Gods:Realistic Foundation of Chinese Mythology Patriarchalization

宗族社会以祖先崇拜为精神依托,以竭忠尽孝为行事准则,以明世系的同宗宗族集群式聚居,及其与异姓宗族集群之间的交互活动为主的生活方式,决定了中国神话人神淆杂世界的生活方式。这一决定性作用,主要体现在如下层面:第一,中国神话以祖先崇拜观念为凝聚群体的精神感召力;第二,中国神话以尽心竭力、不惮牺牲为人神行事准则;第三,中国神话以明世代系统的同宗宗族集群式聚居,及其与异姓宗族集群之间的交互活动,为人神主要的生活方式。当中国神话以宗族社会现实世界为其所反映的变形世界的蓝本,依此构建人神淆杂世界的生活方式时,这便意味着,宗族社会的现实生活,为中国神话的宗法化奠定了牢固的现实根基。

Clan society relies on ancestor worship as its spiritual foundation,takes loyalty and filial piety as its code of conduct,and takes its way of life characterized by the clustering of the same lineage in the Ming Dynasty system and their interaction with other lineage clusters as the main way of life,which determines the way of life in Chinese mythology where people mingled with gods.This decisive role is mainly reflected in the following aspects.Firstly,Chinese mythology takes ancestor worship concept as the spiritual appeal of consolidating the group.Secondly,Chinese mythology regards dedication and fearlessness in sacrifice as the guiding principle for humans and gods'actions.Thirdly,the Chinese mythology is featured by the clustering of the same lineage in the Ming Dynasty system,as well as the interactive activities between the same lineage and the different lineage clusters,which are the primary ways of life for humans and gods.When Chinese mythology uses the real world of clan society as the blueprint for the distorted world it reflects,and constructs a way of life in the world that mingled with humans and gods,it means that the real life of clan society has laid a solid realistic foundation for the patriarchalization of Chinese mythology.