不同LED光强补光对日光温室越冬番茄生长及产量品质的影响

Effects of Different LED Light Intensities on Growth,Yield and Quality of Overwintering Tomato in Solar Greenhouse

本试验以番茄品种酸甜果101为材料,选用红蓝光比例为5∶1的组合光质LED灯,设置100、200、300μmol/(m^(2)·s)共3个光照强度,于冬季日光温室开棚前3 h和闭棚后3 h进行补光处理,研究其对温室越冬番茄生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明:不同LED光强补光处理对番茄株高、茎粗、光合色素含量、光合特性、果实产量品质均有一定的促进作用。其中,随着补光时间增加和光照强度增大,番茄茎粗和叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素、叶绿素(a+b)含量逐渐升高,而株高、叶绿素b含量逐渐降低;不同处理番茄的净光合速率、气孔导度及蒸腾速率均有增强,表明弱光条件下适当增加光照强度有利于光合作用;补光处理番茄产量比不补光提高7.20%~19.86%,其对番茄果实VC、番茄红素、有机酸含量也有很好的改善作用,且随着光强增加,糖酸比逐渐提高,改善效果也越明显。整体上看,300μmol/(m^(2)·s)光强处理最有利于番茄的越冬生产。

In this experiment,the tomato variety Sour Sweet Fruit 101 was used as material,and the LED lamp with red-blue combined light quality at the ratio of 5∶1 was used by setting three light intensities as 100,200 and 300μmol/(m^(2)·s).The light supplement treatment was carried out at 3 hours before opening and 3 hours after closing the greenhouse in winter.Their effects on growth,yield and quality of overwintering tomato in the greenhouse were studied.The results showed that different LED light intensities had certain pro-moting effects on plant height,stem diameter,photosynthetic pigment content,photosynthetic characteristics,fruit yield and quality of tomato.With the increase of supplementary lighting time and light intensity,the stem diameter,chlorophyll a,carotenoid and chlorophyll(a+b)contents of tomato increased gradually,while the plant height and chlorophyll b content decreased gradually.The net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of tomato under different treatments were enhanced,which showed that increasing light intensity was beneficial to photosynthesis under low light conditions.The tomato yield treated with supplemen-tary lighting increased by 7.20%~19.86%compared with that without supplementary lighting,and it also had good effects on improving the contents of VC,lycopene and organic acid in tomato fruits.With the increase of light intensity,the sugar-acid ratio increased gradually,and the improvement effect was more and more obvi-ous.On the whole,300μmol/(m^(2)·s)light supplement treatment was the most beneficial to the overwintering production of tomato.