基于POI数据的北京教育设施空间特征分析

Spatial characteristics analysis of Beijing educational facilities based on POI data

教育设施作为城市教育发展的载体,其空间布局特征及合理程度与公共服务资源配置紧密相关。随着社会经济的稳步发展和人们生活质量的不断提升,人们对基础教育愈发重视。在当前城市社会经济快速发展的过程中,合理布局的教育设施可以提高社会资源利用效率,是实现社会公平的基本保障。本文基于北京市科教文化服务兴趣点(POI)数据,以街道为基本研究单元,利用标准差椭圆、空间自相关、核密度分析等空间分析方法,综合分析北京市教育资源的空间分布特征。结果表明,北京市教育设施整体呈现内密外疏、南密北疏的空间格局,表现东北—西南的空间分布方向特征。教育设施空间分布格局与该地区人口数量、经济发展、师资配置及教育规模显著相关。

As the carrier of urban education development,the characteristics and rationality of the spatial layout of educational facilities are closely related to the allocation of public service resources.With the steady development of social economy and the continuous improvement of people's quality of life,people pay more and more attention to basic education.In the current process of rapid urban social and economic development,rational distribution of educational facilities can improve the efficiency of social resource utilization and is the basic guarantee for social equity.Based on the Point of Interest(POI)data of Beijing's science,education and cultural services,this paper takes the streets as the basic research unit,and uses spatial analysis methods such as standard deviation ellipse,spatial autocorrelation and kernel density analysis to comprehensively analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of Beijing's educational resources.The results show that the overall spatial pattern of educational facilities in Beijing is dense in the inside and sparse in the outside,dense in the south and sparse in the north,showing the distribution direction of northeast-southwest.The spatial distribution pattern of educational facilities is significantly correlated with the population size,economic development,teacher resources distribution and capacity of educational places in the area.