跨海大桥混凝土服役挑战及检测方法综述

Service Challenges and Detection Methods of Sea-crossing Bridge Concrete

跨海大桥除了承受车辆荷载、风荷载以及潜在的船舶撞击等,还面临潮汐、海浪、海上盐雾、氯盐、硫酸盐等复杂环境的侵蚀风险,服役环境恶劣。作为跨海大桥的主要建造材料——钢筋混凝土,其耐久性直接影响大桥的服役寿命。本文对跨海大桥混凝土服役挑战及检测方法进行了综述,阐述了近40年来跨海大桥的发展、混凝土的服役现状、跨海大桥混凝土常见损伤类型及成因分析;分析了在海洋环境下影响混凝土耐久性的因素并归纳了跨海大桥桥墩基础受力损伤的类型。根据跨海大桥不同部位混凝土的劣化原因和检测难点,对现阶段跨海大桥混凝土的检测技术进行总结;分析以水下成像、多波束测探、三维成像声呐、声波、雷达、无人机、基于动力响应和动态实时检测技术等为代表的检测手段在跨海大桥混凝土检测方面的技术路线和优缺点,并总结了未来跨海大桥在检测和运维过程中的发展方向。

In addition to bearing vehicle load,wind load and potential ship collision,the sea-crossing bridges also face the risk of erosion under the complex environment of tide,waves,sea salt fog,chlorine salt,sulfate and so on,and the service environment is harsh.The durability of reinforced concrete,which is the main construction material of the bridge,directly affects the service life of the sea-crossing bridges.At present,the corrosion for reinforced concrete of sea-crossing bridges affects their service safety seriously.In this paper,the current situation and detection methods of concrete service of sea-crossing bridges were reviewed,and the development of sea-crossing bridges,the service status of concrete,and the common types and causes of damage to sea-crossing bridgeconcrete were elaborated in the past 40 years.The factors affecting durability of concrete in Marine environment and the types of stress damage of pier foundation of sea-crossing bridges were analyzed.And according to the difference of the bridge concrete deterioration reasons and detection difficulties,the present stage of sea-crossing bridges concrete detection technology was summarized.The technical routes and advantages and disadvantages of these detection methods represented by underwater imaging,multi-beam sounding,3D imaging sonar,sound wave,radar,UAVs,dynamic response and real-time monitoring in the concrete detection of sea-crossing bridges were analyzed and the development direction and key ideas for detection and operation of sea-crossing bridges in the future were concluded.