聚氨酯阻尼材料研究进展

A Review of Progress on Polyurethane Damping Materials

传统聚氨酯阻尼材料由于玻璃化转变温度范围较窄及阻尼损耗性能较弱的问题,通常需要对其进行结构设计或改性以提升阻尼性能。本文从传统设计方法和新型设计方法两个角度综述了聚氨酯阻尼材料的最新研究进展,包括互穿聚合物网络、构建超分子结构、引入动态键和构建梯度/渐变结构等,讨论了不同设计方法对聚氨酯阻尼材料阻尼性能的影响。同时,还探讨了聚氨酯阻尼材料在结合压电效应、自修复性能和形状记忆功能等方面的拓展,提出了多功能化和智能化是聚氨酯阻尼材料的发展重点。最后展望了聚氨酯阻尼材料面临的挑战和发展方向。

Traditional polyurethane damping materials usually need structure design or modification to improve the damping performance due to their narrow glass transition temperature range and the low loss factor.This paper reviews the latest research progress of polyurethane damping materials from the perspectives of traditional and novel design methods,including interpenetrating polymer networks,construction of supramolecular networks,introduction of dynamic bonds and graded/gradient structures,and the effects of different design methods on the damping properties of polyurethane damping materials were discussed.Meanwhile,the intelligent progress of polyurethane damping materials combined with piezoelectric effect,self-healing performance and shape memory function is also discussed,and it is proposed that multi-functionalization and intelligence are the development priorities of polyurethane damping materials.Furthermore,the development trends and future challenges in this field are also prospected.