聚酰胺复合材料的制备与性能研究进展

Research Progress on the Preparation and Properties of Polyamide Composites

聚酰胺(PA)材料因其良好的力学、摩擦学等性能,被广泛应用于航空航天、汽车、国防和土木工程等诸多领域。然而在高温、高压和强腐蚀的环境下,对PA材料提出了更高的要求。本文综述了可以使填料分散效果优异的原位聚合法、操作简便的溶液共混法和适合大批量生产的熔融共混法三种制备方法,并详细综述了掺入聚合物的共混增强、PA基体上接枝改性基团的改性增强和掺入补强填料的填料加固三种补强手段。同时综述发现,与未掺入补强填料的PA基体相比,添加补强填料可大幅提高PA复合材料的拉伸强度。PA复合材料的断裂伸长率、摩擦系数和磨损率也大幅降低。最后,对PA复合材料目前存在的问题进行详细分析,并为其制备研究提供了新思路,也对其未来的发展和应用进行了展望。

Polyamide(PA)materials are widely used in aerospace,automotive,defense,and civil engineering due to their good mechanical and tribological properties.However,in an environment of high temperature,high pressure,and strong corrosion,higher requirements are put forward for PA materials.In this paper,three kinds of preparation methods,in situ polymerization method,solution blending method,and melting blending method suitable for mass production are reviewed.It is also found that the tensile strength of PA composites can be greatly improved by adding reinforcing fillers compared to the PA matrix without adding reinforcing fillers.The fracture elongation,friction coefficient,and wear rate of PA composites are also reduced.Finally,the existing problems of PA composites are analyzed in detail,and new ideas are provided for the preparation and application of PA composites.