存在方式的现象学研究

Linguistic Phenomenology of Existential Structure

存在是人类认知中最基本的概念范畴,中西方哲学及语言学对“存在”方式及词源的探索由来已久,无论在现实世界还是在可能世界,所有的事物都以不同的存在方式存在,人类世界的各语言也以不同的编码方式表达它们不同的存在方式。“存在”在现象学的呈现是复杂的,现象学为此提供了正确的概念、工具和方法来定义、识别和研究人类的存在。存在主义在现象学的基础上深化了最初的概念及认知方式,最重要的是确定了人类存在的基本方式及其真实本质。通过对跨语言中存在动词和存在方式的现象学分析,并以海德格尔“此在”观为视角,发现了其类型特征、语言共性、存在现象及其本质内涵的哲学理据。

Existence is the most basic conceptual category of human cognition,Chinese and Western philosophy and linguistics have been exploring the encoding mode and etymology of existence.In both the real world and the possible world,everything exists in a different way,and the world language uses different coding ways to represent the existential structures.Since existence in phenomenology is complex,phenomenology provides correct concepts,tools and methods to define,identify and study human existence,while existentialism deepens the original concept,and cognitive styles on the basis of phenomenology.Most importantly,the correct basic structure of human existence and its true nature are determined.By phenomenological analysis of existing verbs and existential structures in cross-languages,this paper finds out their typological characteristics and linguistic commonalities,and explains their ontological significance.From the perspective of Heidegger’s ontology based on“Dasein”,this paper tries to discover the phenomenon of existence,its essential connotation of the philosophical rationale.