倾听的力量:口述史在公共政策中的应用

The Power of Listening:The Applications of Oral History in Public Policy

作为一种旨在收集、保存、解释和利用个人、团体与社区在过去事件中的声音、经历、记忆与观点的研究方法与学科领域,口述史在公共政策中的应用日益受到政府部门、专家学者与相关机构的关注和重视。作为形塑公共政策的重要资源与手段,口述史被广泛应用于生态环境、医疗卫生、城市规划、教育、移民与难民、土著权利、饥荒与贫困等公共问题领域。口述史在公共政策中的意义主要包括加深与促进对特定公共问题和政策的理解,鼓励与确保边缘人物和弱势群体的声音得到关注和倾听,提高与促进公共政策中的公众参与赋权,改善与增加公共政策的透明度和兼容性,监测与评估公共政策的有效性和确定需要改进的领域。当然,口述史在公共政策中的应用也面临可靠性与准确性、有效性、代表性、伦理、资源限制、传统决策思维与机制等诸多问题和挑战。为了确保口述史在公共政策中得到有效利用,决策者、研究者与其他利益相关者在实践中应努力遵循最佳做法和标准。

As a research method and subject field aimed at collecting,preserving,explaining and utilizing the voices,experiences,memories and opinions of individuals,groups and communities in the past events,the applications of oral history in public policy has been paid more and more attention by government departments,experts and scholars and relevant institutions.As an important resource and means to shape public policy,oral history is widely used in public issues such as ecological environment,medical and health care,urban planning,education,immigrants and refugees,indigenous rights,famine and poverty.The significance of oral history in public policy mainly includes deepening and promoting the understanding of specific public issues and policies,encouraging and ensuring that the voices of marginalized people and vulnerable groups are heard,improving and promoting public participation and empowerment in public policy,improving and increasing the transparency and compatibility of public policy,monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of public policy and determining areas that need improvement.Of course,the applications of oral history in public policy also face many problems and challenges,such as reliability and accuracy,effectiveness,representativeness,ethics,resource limitation,traditional decision-making thinking and mechanism.In order to ensure the effective use of oral history in public policy,policymakers,researchers and other stakeholders should strive to follow best practices and standards in practice.