短视频渗透下乡村初老女性的社会规训与自我建构——鲁中S村案例

Social Discipline and Self-construction of Rural Elderly Women under the Penetration of Short V ideo——Take S Village as an Example

在乡村转型、短视频普及背景下,乡村初老女性正在成为短视频社交网络中最活跃、另类的群体.基于福柯的话语理论,乡村短视频中主要存在基于家本位观念和过日子实践的传统话语,以及基于个体主义观念和个体利益欲望最大化实践的现代话语.初老女性的网络展演可谓是在两种话语互动中的自我技术,即通过现代话语下突出容颜、身体和才艺的直接表演,以及传统话语下对家庭和村庄生活幸福和谐的间接呈现来建构一个有别于传统贤妻良母的出众、美丽、理想化的现代女性自我.这一自我技术虽促进了乡村以及乡村妇女的现代化转变,但亦要警惕乡村初老女性在短视频中的沉迷、身份误同、免费数字劳动等问题.

Under the background of rural transformation and popularization of short video,rural elderly women are becoming the most active and alternative group in short video social network.Under the guidance of Foucault's discourse theory,this paper finds that rural short videos mainly have traditional discourse based on the concept of family and living practice,as well as modern discourse based on the concept of individualism and the practice of maximizing individual interests and desires.The network performance of elderly women can be described as self-technology in the interaction of two kinds of discourse,that is,through the direct performance of the face,body and talent under the modern discourse,and the indirect presentation of the happiness and harmony of family and village life under the traditional discourse,to construct an outstanding,beautiful and idealized modern female self,which is different from the traditional virtuous wife and mother.Although this self-technology has promoted the modernization of rural and rural women,the problems such as the addiction in short videos,identity misidentification and free digital labor shoud not be neglected.