数字时代版权的算法实施:类型、困境及法律规制

Copyright Algorithmic Enforcement and its Types,Dilemmas and Legal Regulations in the Digital Age

数字时代背景下,为回应不断增长的版权治理压力,网络服务提供商开始探索版权算法实施实践。基于作用的强度和影响程度,可以将版权算法实施界分为自动通知—删除型和自动审查—过滤型算法实施两大实践类型。当前,版权算法实施实践中面临公正性、透明性及责任性缺失等三重困境。基于此,在版权算法实施的法律规制模式上,宜将捍卫人的尊严作为根本价值遵循,充分发挥不同社会主体在版权算法规制中的功能作用,形成多元主体协同的算法复合治理格局。在具体制度建构上,建构融贯于版权算法系统设计、部署、运行等全过程的法律规制框架体系:将“合理使用设计”理念融入版权算法设计之中,建立以权利为基础的开放反思型版权算法影响评估制度,建构面向版权算法决策的技术性正当程序装置,以化解版权算法治理转型所面临的现实困境。

In the context of the digital age,in response to the growing pressure on copyright governance,online service providers have begun to explore copyright algorithmic enforcement practices.Based on the strength and degree of influence,the copyright algorithmic enforcement can be divided into two types of practice:automatic notification-deletion and automatic censorship-filtering algorithmic enforcement.The copyright algorithmic enforcement has the characteristics of automation,fuzziness,and prevention.At present,the copyright algorithmic enforcement is faced with the triple dilemma of fairness,transparency and accountability,which has led to a legitimacy deficit in the governance of copyright algorithms.Based on this,in terms of the legal regulation mode of the implementation of copyright algorithms,we should not only prevent the populism of algorithm regulation,but also prevent the“technological determinism”of algorithm regulation.We should abandon the exclusive“unilateralism”regulation concept and strategy,take highlighting human subjectivity and defending human dignity as the fundamental value,and advocate the idea of compound algorithm governance of two-way interaction and multi subject collaboration.We should fully leverage the active role of multiple entities in algorithmic regulation,establish a legal regulatory framework system that integrates the entire process of copyright algorithm system design,deployment,and operation,and form a collaborative governance pattern of multiple entities in algorithmic governance.In terms of specific institutional construction,it is advisable to focus on the process of copyright algorithm governance,and establish a legal regulatory framework that involves multiple entities,such as copyright algorithm developers,applicants,public regulatory agencies,and individual users,integrating the development,deployment,operation,and decision-making of copyright algorithms,to ensure that the copyright algorithmic enforcement is carried out within the framework of the rule of law.In the development stage of copyright algorithms,it is advisable to incorporate the concept of“fair use by design”into copyright algorithm design.During the algorithm deployment and operation phase,an open reflective copyright algorithm impact assessment system based on rights should be established.In the algorithm decision stage,it is advisable to build a technical due process device oriented to copyright algorithm decision.On the one hand,it is necessary to establish a technical due process centered on the right to explanation and a relatively neutrality copyright algorithmic enforcement dispute adjudication mechanism,so as to resolve the practical dilemma faced by the transformation of copyright algorithmic governance.