基于结构方程模型的公园安全感提升策略研究——以北京松榆里公园为例

Research on Park Security Promotion Strategies Based on Structural Equation Model:A Case Study of Songyuli Park of Beijing

犯罪学研究表明城市绿色空间是存在犯罪风险的场所之一。公园作为城市重要绿色空间,是居民休闲游憩的主要场所;但其内部消极空间时常发生不安全事件,导致居民安全感不足、公园使用意愿下降,影响了居民日常生活。对此,以北京松榆里公园为例,结合环境设计预防犯罪(CPTED)理论,构建研究公园安全感影响机制的结构方程模型,在量表设计与实证调研基础上,量化分析公园安全感各影响要素的相互关系、影响路径和作用序列等。研究发现,公园安全感受“自然监控水平与景象维护”因素直接影响,受“活动支持”因素间接影响;CPTED理论框架下的其他潜在变量对公园安全感影响并不显著;各潜在变量之间存在影响关系,特别是“活动支持”对于“自然监控”有显著直接影响。据此,针对公园安全感的各关键性潜在变量,提出提升公园安全感的规划策略,以期为公园的规划建设或更新完善提供有益指导。

Criminological studies show that urban green space is one of the main places for crime.As an important green space in cities,parks are the main places for residents to relax and play;however,unsafe incidents often occur in their internal negative spaces,leading to a lack of security and a decrease in residents'willingness to use parks,which affects their daily lives.In this regard,taking Beijing Songyuli Park as an example,the Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design(CPTED)theory was combined to construct the structural equation model to study the influence mechanism of park safety perception.Based on the scale design and empirical research,the interrelationships,influence paths and action sequences of each influence factor of park safety perception were quantitively analyzed.The study found that park safety is directly influenced by the factors of"surveillance and image"and indirectly influenced by the factor of"activity support";other potential variables under the framework of CPTED theory do not have significant influence on park safety;there is an influence relationship between the potential variables,especially"activity support"has a significant direct impact on"surveillance".Accordingly,the study proposes a planning strategy to improve the sense of park safety for each of the key potential variables in order to provide useful guidance for the planning and construction of parks or their renewal.