关于完善我国食品药品安全监管渎职罪的思考:围绕《刑法修正案(十一)》展开

Reflection and Improvement of the Crime of Food and Drug Dereliction of Duty in China:Around the Criminal Law Amendment(11)

《刑法修正案(十一)》四十五对《刑法》第九章渎职罪第四百零八条之一第一款进行了修改,细化了食品药品监管渎职罪中滥用职权或玩忽职守的情节,但滥用职权和玩忽职守的法定刑设定标准相同,这与罪行相当原则相抵牾,且食品药品监管渎职罪的危害结果认识不一、标准过于宽泛以至于实践中难以认定,而条文中的兜底条款也增加了量刑裁量的不确定性和司法适用的困难。为此,有必要以滥用职权和玩忽职守的立案标准为基础,区分食品药品监管滥用职权和食品药品玩忽职守的法定刑,通过结合食品药品“上游犯罪”的危害结果综合认定食品药品监管渎职罪的危害结果,并通过“只含同类规则”、侵犯法益、参考指导性案例、综合运用多种法律解释方法等对兜底条款加以明确。

Article 408-1,Chapter 9 of the Criminal Law has been amended in the 45th Amendment to Criminal Law(11),which refines the circumstances of abuse of power or dereliction of duty in the crime of dereliction of duty in food and drug supervision.However,the standard of statutory punishment for abuse of power and dereliction of duty is the same,which is contrary to the principle of equivalent crime.Moreover,the harmful results of the crime of dereliction of duty in food and drug supervision are different and the standard is too broad to be recognized in practice,but the provisions are difficult to identify.Therefore,it is necessary to distinguish the statutory punishment of abuse of power and dereliction of duty in food and drug supervision on the basis of the filing standards of abuse of power and dereliction of duty,comprehensively identify the harmful results of the crime of dereliction of duty in food and drug supervision by combining the harmful results of“upstream crime”in food and drug supervision,and clarify the bottom clauses by“only containing similar rules”,infringing legal interests,referring to guiding cases and comprehensively applying various legal interpretation methods.