结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染现状及防控对策

Current situation and prevention and treatment of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

结核潜伏感染(LTBI)是结核病发病的蓄水池,也是持续不断的新发患者的来源。5%~10%的LTBI者一生中会发展为活动性结核病,在LTBI高危人群中发病风险更高。LTBI是结核病疫情难以控制的主要原因之一。2018年,第一次联合国大会结核病高级别会议呼吁重点关注LTBI的管理,控制和减少LTBI者由于重新激活而导致结核病的发病。本文就LTBI的疾病负担、流行现状、发病风险、患者管理及防治策略等进行系统论述,为制定我国LTBI的防治策略提供参考。

Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection(LTBI)is a reservoir for incident tuberculosis disease,and is a constant source of new patients.5%to 10%of the LTBI patients will develop active tuberculosis in their lifetime,and the incidence rate is higher in high-risk population.The United Nations High-Level Meeting on Tuberculosis called for a focus on LTBI management to control in 2018,further could reduce the incidence of TB due to reactivation in patients with LTBI.This paper discusses the disease burden,epidemic status,patient management,and prevention strategies,providing reference for formulating LTBI prevention strategies in China.