miRNA在创伤性脑损伤诊断及治疗中的研究进展

Advances of miRNA in the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic brain injury

创伤性脑损伤(TBI)是一个重要的公共卫生问题,据估计,全球每年有超过5000万患者发生TBI。当前TBI的临床诊断主要依赖于评分量表,筛选客观的TBI生物标志物极为必要。近年相关研究多集中于TBI蛋白标志物的筛选,然而蛋白标志物存在半衰期短、灵敏度低等缺陷,因此筛选新的生物标志物对于TBI的快速诊断评估及后续治疗具有重要意义。TBI缺乏有效的治疗药物,主要依赖对症治疗。microRNA(miRNA)是一类小的非编码RNA,其表达水平变化与包括TBI在内的多种中枢神经系统疾病相关,在神经可塑性调控、神经元损伤修复等方面发挥着重要作用。miRNA分子量小,可穿过血脑屏障,易在外周体液中检测到,具有成为TBI诊断及治疗靶标的潜力。本文对miRNA的主要特征及其与TBI诊断和治疗相关的研究进展进行综述,旨在为相关研究和潜在的临床应用提供参考。

Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a serious public health problem,and it is estimated that more than 50 million patients worldwide suffered from TBI each year.At present,the diagnosis of TBI mainly relies on scoring scales,and it is extremely necessary to screen objective biomarkers of TBI.A large number of studies have focused on the screening of protein markers of TBI,however,protein markers have short half-life and low sensitivity,so it is important to screen new biomarkers of TBI for its rapid diagnostic and treatment.As a lack of effective therapeatic drugs,TBI was mainly treated according to symptoms.microRNAs(miRNAs)are a class of small non-coding RNAs whose altered expression levels are associated with a variety of diseases in central nervous system including TBI and play an important role in the regulation of neuroplasticity and repair of neuronal damage.In addition,its small molecular weight make it crossing the blood-brain barrier conveniently and be easily detected in peripheral fluids.Therefore,miRNAs have the potential to be used as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for TBI.This paper aims to review the features of miRNAs and their applications on diagnosis and treatment of TBI,and provide a reference for their potential clinical applications.