2022年夏季中国极端高温事件特点及成因初探

Characteristics and Causes of Extreme Heat Events in China in Summer 2022

基于19612022年中国2412个气象站逐日气温和NCEP全球再分析资料,采用气候统计诊断方法,对2022年夏季中国极端高温事件特点及其成因进行分析。结果表明,2022年夏季中国平均气温为1961年有完整气象观测记录以来的历史同期最高,平均高温日数为历史同期最多;占全国总站数43.8%的国家气象站日最高气温达到极端高温事件标准。21世纪以来,持续时间在20 d和30 d以上的区域性高温事件占过去61年中总量的比例分别为46.8%和50.0%,反映出近20年高温事件持续日数增多。在此背景下,2022年6月13日至8月30日,我国中东部出现大范围复合型高温事件,其持续时间长、极端性突出,综合强度为1961年有完整气象观测记录以来的最强。分析表明,全球变暖是造成极端高温发生的大背景,大气环流异常是高温发生且极端性突出的直接原因。

Based on the daily temperature data of 2412 meteorological stations in China from 1961 to 2022 and the NCEP global reanalysis data,the characteristics of extreme heat events and their formation causes in China during the summer of 2022 are analyzed using climate statistical diagnostic methods.The results show that the average temperature in China in the summer of 2022 was the highest in the same period since complete meteorological observation records were available in 1961,and the average number of high temperature days was the highest on record too.Moreover,the daily maximum temperatures at 43.8% of all of the national meteorological stations in China met the criteria for extreme heat events.Since the 21st century,the proportion of regional heat processes lasting for more than 20 d and 30 d to the total number in the last 61 years is 46.8% and 50.0%,respectively,reflecting the increase in the number of days with heat events over the last 20 years.In this context,widespread compound heat events occurred in the central and eastern regions of China from 13 June to 30 August 2022,with a long duration and outstanding extremes.The comprehensive intensity index is the highest since the beginning of full meteorological observations in 1961.The analysis shows that global warming is the general background for the occurrence of extreme high temperature and that atmospheric circulation anomalies are the direct causes for the occurrence and prominent extremity of high temperatures.