论我国商业数据产权制度之构建

Construction of Chinese Property Rights System for Commercial Data

商业数据产权制度是数据要素市场的基础制度。当下商业数据产权制度体系构建面临着规范对象边界不明、确权授权属性不清以及对产业实践回应不足等现实困境。考虑到商业数据客体的特殊性、所涉法律关系的利益多元性以及数据竞争、数据交易等不同领域的差异性,为解决商业数据产权制度供给难以满足实践需求的困境,应当从基于关系进路理解权利、克服单一制度模式选择两个方面调整商业数据产权制度构建的理论依据。在竞争制度外,专门构建商业数据的有限排他权,为其配置相对受限的禁止权能以及较低门槛的许可权能,并对商业数据进行科学分类分级,统筹协调商业数据与公共数据的关系,以保障商业数据交易流通和有效利用。

Property rights system for commercial data plays a basic role in data factor market.At present,the construction of property rights system for commercial data is faced with such realistic problems as unclear boundary of normative objects,unclear attributes of rights confirmation and authorization as well as insufficient response to industrial practice.In view of the particularity of commercial data,the interest diversity of the legal relationship involved,and the differences of fields such as data competition and data trading,in order to solve the dilemma that property rights system for commercial data fails to meet the practical demands,it is expected to adjust the theoretical basis of property rights system for commercial data from two aspects:clarifying rights based on the relationship approach and avoiding the choice of single system mode.Beyond the competition system,the limited exclusive right for commercial data is specially constructed,to which relatively limited prohibition power and low threshold for licensing power are allocated.Reasonable categorization and classification of commercial data are carried out,and the relationship between commercial data and public data is coordinated to ensure the circulation and effective use of commercial data transactions.