商业数据保护的竞争之维:理论证成、实践面向与进路设想

Competitive Dimension of Business Data Protection:Theoretical Proof,Practical Orientation and Tentative Approach

关于商业数据的保护模式,理论上有既有部门法权利保护、新设权利保护和竞争法权益保护等多种路径,实践中多以竞争法规制具体侵权行为以回应个案的权益诉求。我国《反不正当竞争法(修订草案征求意见稿)》“商业数据专条”延续了既往的司法理路,但存在保护范围较窄、制度创新不足等问题,对商业数据的统一定义也无法满足具体类型数据的差异化利益诉求。现有的商业数据保护模式有权利法和竞争法两种路径,但未根据商业数据的形成过程对其进行类型化界分。有必要为公开与未公开商业数据分别创设符合其利益的保护路径,以加快数据市场化流通,完善数据要素市场。

Regarding the protection mode of business data,theoretically,there are various paths such as protection of rights under existing sectoral laws,protection of new rights and protection of rights and interests under competition law,etc.In practice,competition law is mostly used to regulate specific infringement acts in response to the rights and interests of individual cases.The“Business Data Article”in the Anti-Unfair Competition Law(Revised Draft)continues the previous judicial approach,but there are problems such as narrow protection scope and insufficient institutional innovation,and the uniform definition of business data cannot meet the differentiated interests of specific types of data.The existing business data protection modes are based on two approaches:right law and competition law,but they are not classified according to the formation process of business data.On the basis of the analysis of the theory and the demand of judicial practice,it is necessary to analyze the existing protection mode of business data and propose to create a protection path in line with their interests for public and undisclosed business data,so as to speed up the market circulation of data and improve the data factor market.