不同嫁接方法对杉木种子园母树早期性状的影响

Effect of Different Grafting Methods on Early Characters of Mother Trees in Cunninghamia lanceolata Seed Orchard

[目的]提高杉木种子园嫁接成活率,延长种子园嫁接施工时间。[方法]开展杉木无性系嫁接繁殖技术研究,探索不同嫁接方法对成活率、保存率、正冠率、嫁接口愈合时间、平均树高、平均冠幅及早期结果母树数量等因子的影响。[结果]不同嫁接方法对嫁接成活率、保存率、正冠率、愈合时间、平均树高、平均冠幅影响不同,最佳嫁接方式为春季顶芽嫁接,其次为秋季顶芽嫁接。采用春季顶芽嫁接法母树嫁接口愈合时间平均为160 d,嫁接成活率85.00%,保存率80.83%,正冠率达98.96%,嫁接2年后平均树高1.68 m,平均冠幅1.03 m;不同嫁接方法对早期结果母树数量差异未达到显著水平。[结论]在实际种子园建园工作中,适宜采取秋季顶芽嫁接及翌年春季顶芽补接的方法,以提高杉木嫁接成活率与种子园建园质量。

[Objective]In order to improve the survival rate of grafting in the Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata)seed orchard,extend the grafting construction time in the Chinese fir seed orchard.[Method]The clonal grafting propagation technology of Chinese fir was studied to explore the effects of different grafting methods on the survival rate,preservation rate,positive crown rate and the early characters of the mother tree.[Result]The results showed that different grafting methods had different effects on the survival rate,preservation rate,positive crown rate,healing time,average tree height,and average crown width of the grafting.The best grafting method was spring top bud grafting,followed by autumn top bud grafting.The mother tree grafted with the method of top bud grafting in spring can heal quickly in 160 days,with the survival rate of 85.00%,the preservation rate of 80.83%,and the positive crown rate of 98.96%.After 2 years of grafting,the average height of the tree was 1.68 m,and the average crown width was 1.03 m;different grafting methods had no significant difference in the number of early bearing mother trees.[Conclusion]In the actual work of seed orchard construction,the method of top bud grafting in autumn and top bud patching in the next spring can be adopted to improve the survival rate of Chinese fir grafting and the quality of seed orchard construction.