碳排放权交易政策试点的减排效果及其微观机制

The emission reduction effect and micro mechanism of carbon emission trading policy pilot

采用2003—2019年我国30个省份(港澳台地区及西藏除外)的面板数据,利用多期双重差分法对碳排放权交易政策试点的减排效果及其微观机制进行了实证检验。结果表明:相比于未进行试点的区域,碳排放权交易政策显著促进了试点区域的碳减排,降低了单位产出的能源消耗和人均二氧化碳排放量;碳排放权交易政策主要通过挤出效应、激励效应和产业结构升级效应等3种微观机制达到碳减排的效果。基于此,提出完善环境规制体系,扩大政策试点范围;培育企业环保和绿色创新新业态,为企业提供技术补助和绿色创新的资金支持;建立健全全国统一碳交易市场,促进企业节能减排等建议。

Based on the panel data of 30 provinces(excluding Hong Kong,Macao,Taiwan and Xizang)from 2003 to 2019,this paper empirically tests the emission reduction effect and micro-mechanism of the pilot carbon emission trading policy by using the Multi-Period-DID method.The results show that compared with the pilot area,carbon emission trading policy significantly promotes the carbon emission reduction in the pilot area and reduces the energy consumption per unit output and carbon dioxide emission per capita.Carbon emission trading policy mainly achieves the effect of carbon emission reduction through three micro-mechanisms,including extrusion effect,incentive effect and industrial structure upgrading effect.Accordingly,suggestions are proposed to improve the environmental regulation system,expand the scope of pilot policies,cultivate enterprises′environmental protection and green innovation business forms,provide enterprises with technical subsidies and financial support for green innovation,establish a sound national unified carbon trading market,and promote enterprises′energy conservation and emission reduction.