湿热和干热环境下通风服的冷却效果

Cooling effect of ventilation suits in humid and dry heat environments

为了更好地指导作业人员在高温环境下合理使用通风服,通过人体实验对比研究了湿热和干热环境下通风服对人体冷却效果的差异。在人工环境舱分别营造湿热(空气温度/湿度分别为34℃/90%、36℃/90%)、干热(空气温度/湿度分别为34℃/50%、36℃/50%)共4种不同热环境,志愿者穿着通风服在跑步机上通过跑步(4 km/h)模拟劳动,对比分析通风服风扇关闭和开启(风量为12 L/s)时的生理参数、主观热感觉投票(TSV)和主观湿感觉投票(WSV)的变化情况。结果表明:除了36℃/90%之外,其余3种工况下通风服均能降低平均躯干温度和平均皮肤温度,平均躯干温度最大降幅为1.2℃,平均皮肤温度最大降幅为0.63℃,但通风服对口腔温度的影响很小;TSV的降幅在16.0%~30.4%之间,WSV的降幅在0~43%之间。通风服对高温环境中的劳动人体具有一定的冷却效果,但在湿热环境下通风服的冷却效果可以忽略,此时需要配备冷源设备才能提供冷却作用。

To guide workers to use ventilation garments in high-temperature environments better,tests were conduct to compare the cooling effects of ventilation suits on the working human body in humid and dry hot environments.In the artificial environment cabin,four kinds of hot-humid(The air temperature/humidity were 34℃/90%and 36℃/90%respectively)and hot-dry(The air temperature/humidity were 34℃/50%and 36℃/50%respectively)environments were created respectively.Eight volunteers(4 men and 4 women)were recruited to wear ventilated clothes and run on the treadmill(4 km/h)to stimulate labor.The changes of physiological parameters,subjective thermal sensation vote(TSV)and subjective wetness sensation vote(WSV)were compared and analyzed when the ventilator fan was turned off or turned on(the airflow was 12 L/s).The results show that except 36℃/90%,the ventilation garment can reduce the mean torso temperature and mean skin temperature under the other three working conditions.The maximum decrease of mean torso temperature was 1.2℃,the maximum decrease of mean skin temperature was 0.63℃,the decrease of TSV was between 16.0%~30.4%and the decrease of WSV was between 0~43%.The oral temperature was little affected.Ventilation clothing has a certain cooling effect on the working body in high temperature environment,but the cooling effect of ventilation clothing can be ignored in hot and humid environment.In this case,cold source equipment is needed to provide cooling effect.