山东地区规模化德州驴养殖场母驴繁殖性能初步调查研究

A preliminary survey of reproductive performance of Dezhou donkeys under large-scale farm conditions in Shandong Province

为了解规模化饲养条件下驴的繁殖性能,以山东地区规模化养驴场为调研对象,采用调查问卷与实地调研相结合的方法调查分析13家规模化养殖场德州驴的繁殖率,对比分析自繁自养模式与专业繁育模式的能繁母驴繁殖率差异。选取自然交配繁殖记录齐全的山东省德州市某规模化驴场,通过分析繁殖记录获取德州驴(三粉驴和乌头驴)的初配日龄、初次产驹天数、妊娠天数及空怀间隔等繁殖性能指标。结果显示:自繁自养模式驴场的母驴繁殖率多为30%~50%,专业繁育模式的能繁母驴繁殖率显著高于自繁自养模式(P<0.05)。对繁殖记录进行统计分析发现,三粉驴的初配日龄、初次产驹天数、妊娠天数和空怀间隔均小于乌头驴,其中空怀间隔差异最明显,最高相差48 d;三粉驴的平均妊娠天数为(362.3±0.3)d,且随着胎次的增加呈现逐渐增加的趋势。结果表明,山东地区规模化驴养殖场的德州驴繁殖率较低,空怀间隔较长,导致母驴的繁殖周期较长,繁殖性能整体表现较低。

In large-scale donkey farms,the reproductive performance of the animals has a direct influence on the economic benefits of the donkey-breeding industry and on the number of replacement donkeys.Therefore,understanding the reproductive performance of donkeys in large-scale farms will help us to evaluate the reproductive status deeply and to predict the future development trend of donkey herds.In the present study,the reproductive rate of the donkeys in 13 large-scale farms in Shandong Province was investigated,and the differences in this regard between self-supportive farms and professional breeding farms were compared.Then,we selected a large-scale donkey farm in Dezhou City that employs natural mating and has complete breeding records.The reproductive performance indicators of Dezhou donkeys were obtained in terms of age at the first service,age at the first foaling,gestation length and foaling intervals.The result showed that the reproductive rate of the donkeys in non-professional breeding donkey farms was low(30% to 50%).And the reproductive rate of the professional breeding farms was significantly higher than that of the self-supportive farms(P<0.05).The age at the first service,age at the first foaling,gestation length and foaling intervals of Sanfen donkeys were lower than those of Wutou donkeys.In particularly,the foaling interval of Sanfen donkey was obviously longer as compared with that of Wutou donkeys,with a gap of 48 days.The gestation period of Sanfen donkey was(362.3±0.3)days.With the parity of donkeys increasing,the generation length of Sanfen donkey tended to increase.In summary,the overall reproductive rate of donkeys in large-scale farms in Shandong Province is low,and the foal interval is also very long,resulting in the low reproductive efficiency of donkeys.