埃博拉病毒病研究进展

Progress in research on Ebola virus disease

埃博拉病毒病(Ebola virus disease,EVD)是1976年首次在刚果民主共和国埃博拉河附近发生的一种由埃博拉病毒(Ebola virus,EBOV)引起的人兽共患传染病,该病是以全身性病毒复制、免疫抑制、异常炎症反应、大量体液和电解质流失以及高病死率为特征的一种疾病。EVD的暴发通常是源于单一的感染事件,随后通过直接接触受感染的体液或被污染的污染物进行人际传播。EVD诊断需要临床症状和实验室检测相结合,实验室检测通常采用实时荧光定量PCR检测病毒RNA,或基于免疫分析的快速诊断技术检测病毒抗原。本文对EVD的分类学、流行病学及检测技术进行了综述。

The Ebola virus disease(EVD)is a zoonotic disease caused by the Ebola Virus(EBOV)which was first discovered in 1976 near the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of Congo.EVD is characterized by systematic viral replication,immune suppression,abnormal inflammatory responses,major fluid and electrolyte losses,and high mortality.EVD outbreaks typically start from a single case of probable zoonotic transmission,followed by human-to-human transmission via direct contact with infected bodily fluids or contaminated fomites.Diagnosis of the disease requires a combination of case definition and laboratory tests.In laboratory detection,real-time reverse transcription PCR is often used to detect viral RNA,or rapid diagnostic tests based on immunoassays are performed to detect EBOV antigens.This review summarizes studies on the taxonomy,epidemiology and diagnostic technologies of EVD.