“不流动就出局”:学术流动的发生机制及其现实效应

"Move or out":The Mechanism of Academic Mobility and its Practical Effect

科学本质上的全球性决定了学术职业的开放性与学术人员的流动性。在高等教育全球化背景下,知识和人员流动进一步加速。研究发现,学术流动发生的关键动因在于本国学术职业的稳定性及工作条件、本国学术劳动力市场的开放性、流动经历是否被视为学术聘任标准或获得研究资助的必要条件。在全球化、大学排名和新管理主义等因素的影响下,学术流动逐渐从一种获取知识的手段转变为一种新型绩效标准。尽管流动具有增强劳动力市场活力、加强师生间的交流合作、促进知识生产与创新、拓展专业网络等正向效应,但强制性的流动要求可能会加剧学术人员的焦虑感和不安全感,使其更难平衡工作与生活,并可能诱发结构不平等和空间不平等。鉴于此,我国高校应更理性地看待学术流动的效用和风险,避免将跨国流动经历作为学术评价的刚性标准,进而超越传统上以人员跨境流动等国际化指标增长为目标的外延式国际化发展战略,探索构建内涵更丰富的高等教育对外开放新格局。

The globality of science determines the openness of academic profession and the mobility of personnel.Under the background of the globalization of higher education,knowledge and mobility further accelerated.It is found that the key drivers of academic mobility are the stability of domestic academic careers and academic working conditions,the openness of domestic academic labor market,and whether mobile experience is regarded as a necessary condition for academic appointment and funding.Under the influence of globalization,university rankings and new managerialism,academic mobility has gradually changed from a means of acquiring knowledge to a new standard of performance.Although mobility has positive effects such as enhancing labor market vitality,enhancing exchanges and cooperation between faculty and students,promoting knowledge production and innovation,and expanding professional networks.However,mandatory mobility requirements may exacerbate anxiety and insecurity of academics,making it harder for them to balance work and life,and may induce structural and spatial inequalities.In view of this,Chinese universities should treat academic movement of utility and risk rationally,and avoid to set the experience of transnational mobility as a rigid standard of academic evaluation,and then to go beyond extensional international development strategy traditionally regard the growth of internationalization indexes such as personnel mobility as the goal,to explore a new pattern of higher education opening up with richer connotations.