语义、文本与地域的视角:早期伊斯兰城市的内涵与流变

Semantic,Textual and Regional Perspectives:Connotation and Evolution of Early Islamic Cities

阿拉伯半岛幅员辽阔,自然环境复杂多样,其基本地貌主要为高原大漠与山川河谷。水资源条件是决定其城市地域分布的制约要素,游牧聚落则是其古代多数人口的生活方式,伊斯兰教的传播促使城市的早期形成,宗教文本是考察早期伊斯兰世界社会生活的历史文本。故本文通过阿拉伯语语义、伊斯兰宗教文本,以查希里叶时代和先知时代的希贾兹城市为切入点,从时间脉络与空间格局的演变来梳理,并结合水源、清真寺、市场、住所、壕沟的初期结构布局等进行考察。研究发现早期伊斯兰城市聚集着定居人口,生产方式为非农牧业,建立了以非血缘为基础的政治、经济、宗教共同体,社会阶层分化逐步多元。伊斯兰教初期社会流动体现其城市的开放性与兼容性,其内涵流变与查希里叶时代奠定的物质基础、新意识形态的产生密不可分。

Arabian Peninsula has an array of diverse systems,mainly from sandy deserts to lush valleys.Water resources conditions are the restrictive factors that determine the regional distribution of cities,and nomadic settlements are the way of life of most people in ancient times.The spread of Islam promotes the early formation of cities,and religious texts are historical texts to examine the social life in the early Islamic world.Therefore,this paper combs the evolution of time and spatial pattern through Arabic semantics and Islamic religious texts,taking the city of Hijaz in pre-Islamic era and Prophet era as the starting point.In the early Islamic cities,the initial structural layout was composed of water sources,mosques,markets,residences and trenches.The mode of production was based on nonfarming and animal husbandry,and a political,economic and religious Ummah community was established based on non-consanguinity.The social strata were gradually diversified.The social mobility in the early Islamic period reflected the openness and compatibility of the cities,and the evolution of its connotation was closely related to the material foundation and the emergence of new ideology laid in the pre-Islamic era.