中世纪早期冰岛基督教化与认同危机

Christianization and Identity Crisis in Early Medieval Iceland

9世纪末,维京人自北欧向西北航行,抵达冰岛、格陵兰岛和北美洲。之后,许多维京人受内部兼并战争等因素影响而移居冰岛,并将北欧议事会制度和法律引入冰岛。经过一个多世纪的发展,议事会制和法律成为维系冰岛社会运转的根基。然而,随着北欧基督教化进程的推进,以及冰岛基督教力量的壮大,冰岛已有的政治体制和法律认同出现危机。应对这一变局,冰岛议事会作出妥协,并在1000年通过法律确立起冰岛的基督教信仰。在维京传统与外来基督教文化的碰撞中,冰岛法律身份得到重新阐释,这种阐释基于对已有政治传统和法律制度的重新反思,经此之后,冰岛法制和议事会传统得到扩展和赓续。在冰岛基督教化的进程中,基督教也被冰岛化。

At the end of the 9th century,the Vikings sailed northwest from northern Europe and reached Iceland,Greenland and North America.After that,many Vikings immigrated to Iceland due to factors such as internal annexation wars,and introduced the Nordic parliamentary system and laws into Iceland.After more than a century of development,the parliamentary system and laws have become the foundation for maintaining the functioning of Icelandic society.However,with the advancement of the process of Christianization in Northern Europe and the growth of the power of Christianity in Iceland,the Icelandic political system and legal identity have experienced a crisis.In response to this change,the Icelandic parliament made a compromise and passed a law in 1000 to establish the Christian faith in Iceland.In the collision between the Viking tradition and the foreign Christian culture,the Icelandic legal identity was re-interpreted.This interpretation was based on the re-examination of the existing political tradition and legal system.After this,the Icelandic Legal System and parliament were expanded and extended.During the process of Christianization of Iceland,Christianity was also Icelandicized.