养老机构老年人相对剥夺感现状及影响因素分析

Analysis of the current situation and influencing factors of relative deprivation among elderly people in elderly care institutions

目的了解养老机构老年人相对剥夺感现状,并探讨其影响因素。方法2021年12月—2022年5月,采用方便抽样的方法,选取湖南省299例养老机构老年人作为研究对象,采用相对剥夺感量表测量相对剥夺感水平,收集其一般人口学特征、基础性日常生活活动能力(BADL)、工具性日常生活活动能力(IADL)资料。采用t检验或单因素方差分析、多元线性回归分析探讨养老机构老年人相对剥夺感的影响因素。结果养老机构老年人相对剥夺感得分为(33.49±7.22)分。单因素分析显示,不同性别、年龄、户籍、是否独居、文化程度、婚姻状况、子女数量、生活满意度、住养老机构原因、是否支持子女外出打工、养老保险类型、医疗保险类型、生病就诊机构、心事诉说对象、希望得到谁的照顾、希望得到哪方面的支持、是否满足当下照料需求方面,养老机构老年人相对剥夺感水平差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。BADL与相对剥夺感呈负相关(r=-0.208,P<0.01),IADL与相对剥夺感呈正相关(r=0.240,P<0.01)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,性别、文化程度、婚姻状况、生活满意度、户籍、子女数量、住养老机构原因、养老保险及医疗保险类型、心事诉说对象、希望得到谁的照顾、希望得到哪方面的支持、是否满足当下照料需求是养老机构老年人相对剥夺感的主要影响因素(P均<0.05)。结论养老机构老年人相对剥夺感受到性别、文化程度、婚姻状况、生活满意度、户籍、子女数量等多方面的影响。

Objective To understand the current situation of relative deprivation among elderly people in elderly care institutions and to explore its influencing factors.Methods From December 2021 to May 2022,299 elderly institutionalized persons in Hunan Province were selected as the study population using a convenience sampling method.Measure the level of relative deprivation using the relative deprivation scale,to collect their general demographic characteristics,basic activities of daily living(BADL),instrumental activities of daily living(IADL).Use t-test,one-way ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis to explore the influencing factors of relative deprivation among elderly people in elderly care institutions.Results The total relative deprivation score of elderly people in elderly care institutions was(33.49±7.22).One-way analysis of variance showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the relative deprivation level of elderly people in elderly care institutions in terms of different genders,age,household registration,whether they lived alone,education level,marital status,number of children,life satisfaction,reason for living in institution,whether they supported their children to work outside the home,pension insurance,medical insurance,institutions for sickness,who they talked to about their problems,who they wanted to be taken care of,what kind of support they wanted,and whether their current care needs(all P<0.05).BADL scores were negatively correlated with relative deprivation(r=-0.208,P<0.01)and IADL scores were positively correlated with relative deprivation(r=0.240,P<0.01).The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender,education level,marital status,life satisfaction,household registration,number of children,reason for living in an institution,pension insurance and medical insurance,who to talk about,who they want to be taken care of,what kind of support they want,and whether their immediate care needs are met were the main factors influencing the sense of relative deprivation among institutionalised older people(all P<0.05).Conclusion The relative deprivation of the elderly in elderly care institutions is affected by gender,education level,marital status,life satisfaction,registered residence,number of children and other aspects.