运动激活体液免疫减缓甲基苯丙胺成瘾者负性情绪的作用机制

Effect of Relieving Negative Emotions of Methamphetamine Addicts by Exercise Activating Humoral Immunity

目的:基于AMOS结构方程,探究运动激活体液免疫减缓甲基苯丙胺(methamphetamine,METH)成瘾者负性情绪的作用及机制。方法:将符合纳入标准的戒毒人员按照是否抑郁和运动分为3组;抑郁运动组(DE组)34人、抑郁不运动组(DN组)31人、无抑郁对照组(NDNE组)32人,DE组进行为期12周,5次/周,80 min/次的运动干预。干预前后,采用心理症状自评量表(symptom checklist 90,SCL-90)、焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)、抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)、毒品渴求问卷(desires for drug questionnaire,DDQ)和ELISA实验方法进行心理指标、成瘾程度以及体液免疫功能检测。所有数据采用SPSS 22.0和AMOS 21.0软件进行统计分析。结果:1)构建心理、成瘾以及体液免疫三者关系的结构方程模型拟合指数显示,χ2/df=1.490<3,IFI=0.956、TLI=0.947、CFI=0.955,均大于0.9,RMSEA=0.069<0.08,模型可以被接受;METH成瘾者用药渴求和意向、负强化、用药控制对体液免疫有显著直接影响(P<0.05),负强化、用药控制对SCL-90、SAS、SDS有显著直接影响(P<0.05),体液免疫对SCL-90和SDS有显著直接影响(P<0.05),负强化、用药渴求和意向、用药控制通过体液免疫间接影响心理健康水平(P<0.05)。2)运动干预前,3组在年龄、文化程度等基线资料方面均无显著差异(P>0.05);DE组和DN组吸毒量、吸毒累积时间、成瘾程度和心理健康水平均显著高于NDNE组(P<0.05);DE和DN无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)运动干预后,DE组与DN组相比,心理指标得分、用药渴求和意向、负强化显著降低(P<0.05),IgA、IgG显著升高(P<0.05);DN组与NDNE组比较,心理指标得分、成瘾程度、IgG显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:1)METH成瘾者心理、成瘾、体液免疫三者存在一定关联,METH成瘾者成瘾程度影响体液免疫,进而影响抑郁和心理健康症状;2)运动干预通过激活体液免疫应激水平,有效降低METH成瘾者抑郁水平,从而改善心理健康水平;3)运动可以减轻METH成瘾者对毒品的依赖程度,提高其用药控制能力,对戒除毒瘾、预防复吸具有正向促进作用。

Objective:To analyze the effect and mechanism of exercise activating humoral immunity to improve negative emotions of methamphetamine addicts based on AMOS structural equation.Methods:Drug addicts who met the inclusion criteria were divided into three groups according to whether they were depressed or adopted exercise intervention.Depression and exercise(DE)group of 34 people,depression and non-exercise(DN)group of 31 people,non-depression and and non-exercise group(NDNE)of 32 people,DE group were given treadmill exercise for 80 min five times a week for 12 weeks.The psychological symptom checklist 90(SCL-90),self-rating anxiety scale(SAS),self-rating depression scale(SDS),desires for drug questionnaire(DDQ)and ELISA methods were used to detect the psychological indicators,addiction degree,humoral immune function level before and after the exercise intervention.All data were analyzed using the SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 21.0 statistical software package.Results:1)The structural equation model fitting index of psychological,addiction and humoral immunity showed:χ^(2)/df=1.490<3;IFI=0.956,TLI=0.947,CFI=0.955,>0.9;RMSEA=0.069<0.08.It shows that the model can be accepted well.Drug desire and intention,negative reinforcement,and drug control had significant direct effects on humoral immunity(P<0.05),negative reinforcement and drug control had significant direct effects on SCL-90,SAS,and SDS(P<0.05),humoral immunity had significant direct effects on SCL-90 and SDS(P<0.05),negative reinforcement,drug desire and intention,and drug control indirectly affected mental health level through humoral immunity(P<0.05).2)Before exercise intervention,there were no significant differences in the three groups on age and culture(P>0.05);DE group and DN group had higher drug consumption,cumulative time,degree of addiction and mental health level than NDNE group(P<0.05);there was no significant difference in DE and DN group(P>0.05).3)After exercise intervention,DE group compared with DN group,the psychological index scores,drug desire and intention,and negative reinforcement significance were reduced;IgA and IgG were increased significantly(P<0.05);compared between DN and NDNE groups,psychological indicators score,drug craving degree and IgG significance were reduced(P<0.05).Conclusions:1)There is a certain correlation among METH addicts’psychology,addiction and humoral immunity,the degree of addiction of METH addicts affects humoral immunity which affects depression and mental health symptoms;2)exercise intervention effectively reduce the depression level of METH addicts,thus improving their mental health level;3)exercise can reduce the drug dependence of METH addicts,improve their drug control ability,and have a positive promotion effect on quitting drug addiction and preventing relapse.